السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المدبر
Book of the Mudabbar
باب: : ما يجوز كتابته من المماليك
Which slaves may be granted a contract of manumission
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قَالَ اللهُ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ: {وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا} [النور: 33] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَذِنَ أَنْ يُكَاتِبَ مَنْ يَعْقِلُ مَا يَطْلُبُ، لَا مَنْ لَا يَعْقِلُ أَنْ يَبْتَغِيَ الْكِتَابَةَ مِنْ صَبِيٍّ وَلَا مَعْتُوهٍ.
Allah, glorified be His praise, says: "And those of your slaves who seek a contract (of emancipation), make a contract with them if you know any good in them." [Surah al-Nur: 33]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "In this is evidence that Allah Almighty permitted a contract of emancipation (kitabah) only with a (slave) who understands what he is seeking, not with one who lacks the understanding to seek kitabah, such as a child or an insane person."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "In this is evidence that Allah Almighty permitted a contract of emancipation (kitabah) only with a (slave) who understands what he is seeking, not with one who lacks the understanding to seek kitabah, such as a child or an insane person."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبَانَ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: عَنِ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ، وَعَنِ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يَفِيقَ، وَعَنِ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ ". وَرَوَيْنَا فِيمَا مَضَى، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ..
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The pen has been lifted from three: from the sleeper until he wakes, from the insane until he recovers, and from the child until he reaches puberty."
