سنن الدارقطني
Daraqutni
كتاب السيرDiscussion on Biography (Seerah)
بَقِيَّةُ الْفَرَائِضِ
The remainder of inheritance shares
Hadith 4210
حَدَّثَنَا حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ ، نَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : " كُلُّ قَوْمٍ يَتَوَارَثُونَ ، إِلا مَنْ عَمِّي مَوْتُ بَعْضِهِمْ قَبْلَ بَعْضٍ فِي هَدْمٍ ، أَوْ حَرْقٍ ، أَوْ قِتَالٍ ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الْمُتَآلَفِ فَإِنَّ بَعْضَهُمْ لا يَرِثُ بَعْضًا ، وَلَكِنْ يُورَثُ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ ، يَرِثُهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ مِنَ الأَحْيَاءِ ، كَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَنْ عَمَّى مَوْتُهُ مَعَهُ قَرَابَةٌ " .
Kharijah bin Zaid narrates from his father (Zaid bin Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him): Previously, people of every community used to inherit from one another, except in the case when a person died a sudden death due to a house collapsing, burning, war, or any other reason. In such cases, those people would not inherit from one another; rather, among the living, their close relatives would inherit from them. It seemed as if there was no relationship between that person and the one who died a sudden death.
Hadith 4211
نَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبَزَّازُ ، نَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ ، نَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ الْحَارِثِ ، قَالَ : كَانَتْ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ لأَخِي شُرَيْحِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ ، وَلَدَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةً فَزُوِّجَتْ فَوَلَدَتْ غُلامًا ، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَتْ أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ ، قَالَ : فَاخْتَصَمَ فِي مِيرَاثِهَا شُرَيْحُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ ، وَابْنُ ابْنَتِهَا إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ ، فَجَعَلَ شُرَيْحُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ ، يَقُولُ لِشُرَيْحٍ : إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ ابْنُ ابْنَتِهَا ، قَالَ : فَقَضَى شُرَيْحٌ بِمِيرَاثِهَا لابْنِ ابْنَتِهَا ، وَقَالَ : وَأُولُو الأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ سورة الأنفال آية 75 ، فركب ميسرة بن يزيد إلى ابن الزبير فأخبره بالذي كان من شريح ، فكتب ابن الزبير إلى شريح إن ميسرة بن يزيد ذكر لِي كَذَا وَكَذَا وَإِنَّكَ قُلْتَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَأُولُو الأَرْحَامِ بعضهم أولى ببعض في كتاب الله ، وإنما كانت تلك الآية في شأن العصبة كان الرجل يعاقد الرجل ، فيقول ترثني وأرثك فلما نزلت ترك ذاك ، فجاء ميسرة بن يزيد بالكتاب إلى شريح ، فلما قَرَأَهُ أَبَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ قَضَاءَهُ ، وَقَالَ : " فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَعْتَقَهَا خَبَايَتِ بَطْنِهَا " .
Isa bin Harith narrates that Shurayh bin Harith’s brother had an umm walad (a slave woman who bore him a child). She gave birth to a girl, then that girl got married and gave birth to a boy, then the umm walad passed away. The narrator states that there was a dispute regarding her inheritance between Shurayh bin Harith and the grandson of that umm walad, so they took their case to Judge Shurayh. Shurayh bin Harith said to Judge Shurayh: “There is no inheritance for this boy in the Book of Allah, because he is the grandson of this woman.” The narrator states: So Judge Shurayh ordered that the inheritance of the woman be given to the grandson and said: (The command of Allah, the Exalted, is:) “Blood relatives are nearer to one another (in inheritance) in the Book of Allah.” So Maysarah bin Yazid rode to Abdullah bin Zubair and informed him about the decision Judge Shurayh had given. Abdullah bin Zubair wrote a letter to Judge Shurayh. Maysarah bin Yazid mentioned to me that you recited this verse in such a situation: “Blood relatives are nearer to one another (in inheritance) in the Book of Allah.” This verse is about ‘asaba (agnatic) relatives and relates to the time when people used to make agreements with each other (i.e., they would become sworn brothers). A man would say: “You be my heir and I will be your heir.” When this verse was revealed, that practice was abandoned. Then Maysarah bin Yazid took that letter to Judge Shurayh. After reading it, he refused to retract his decision and said: “This man had freed this umm walad because of the child in her womb.”
Hadith 4212
نَا نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمْدَوَيْهِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ، نَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ آدَمَ ، نَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ ، قَالَ : قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : " لا يَرِثُ الْقَاتِلُ خَطَأً وَلا عَمْدًا " .
Shu'bi narrates: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "A person who kills (someone) by mistake or intentionally does not become the heir (of the slain), and Allah knows best."
