سنن الدارقطني
Daraqutni
كتاب النكاحDiscussion on Marriage
باب وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى
Chapter: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphans..."
Hadith 3667
نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ ، نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ ، نَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، نَا أَبِي ، عَنْ صَالِحٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ شِهَابٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : " وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلاثَ وَرُبَاعَ سورة النساء آية 3 ، قَالَتْ : يَا ابْنَ أَخِي هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حَجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا تُشْرِكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ ، وَيُعْجِبُهُ مَالُهَا وَجَمَالُهَا ، فَيُرِيدُ وَلِيُّهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ أَنْ يُقْسِطَ فِي صَدَاقِهَا مَا يُعْطِيهَا مَا يُعْطِيهَا غَيْرُهُ ، فَنُهُوا عَنْ أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهُنَّ أَوْ يَبْلُغُوا لَهُنَّ أَعْلَى سُنَّتِهِنَّ فِي الصَّدَاقِ ، وَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَهُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سِوَاهُنَّ ، قَالَ عُرْوَةُ : قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : إِنَّ النَّاسَ اسْتَفْتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ سورة النساء آية 127 ، وَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ الآيَةَ الأُولَى ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى : وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سورة النساء آية 3 ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي الآيَةِ الأُخْرَى وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ سورة النساء آية 127 ، قَالَتْ : فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَنْ رَغِبُوا فِي مَالِهِ وَجَمَالِهِ مِنْ يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ إِلا بِالْقِسْطِ مِنْ أَجْلِ رَغْبَتِهِمْ عَنْهُنَّ إِذَا كُنَّ قَلِيلاتِ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ " ، تَابَعَهُ شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْكَلْبِيُّ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ . وَرَوَاهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.
Urwah bin Zubair narrates: He asked Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) about the statement of Allah: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those women who please you, two or three or four." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O my nephew! This refers to the orphan girl who is under the guardianship of a man. That girl shares in his wealth. The man is interested in her wealth and beauty, so the guardian wants to marry her so that he does not have to pay her the dowry according to justice. He would pay a dowry less than what is customary, so people were forbidden from marrying such girls in this way, or they were commanded to pay them the dowry according to justice (i.e., as is customary). They were instructed to marry other women whom they liked. Urwah narrates: Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) explained: After this verse, people asked various questions about this matter, so Allah revealed this verse: "People ask you concerning women. Say: Allah gives you a ruling about them, and about the orphan girls to whom you do not give what is prescribed for them, while you desire to marry them." Allah mentioned here that the verses of the Book of Allah that have been recited to you refer to the previous verse. Allah the Exalted said: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those women who please you." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: In the other verse, Allah the Exalted says: "And you desire to marry them." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: People were forbidden from marrying those orphan girls in whose wealth and beauty they were interested, except if they paid them according to justice. The reason was that if such girls had little wealth or were less beautiful, those guardians would not have been interested in them.
Hadith 3668
نَا نَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ ، نَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى ، نَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا ، عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : " وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى سورة النساء آية 3 ، قَالَتْ : يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حَجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا فَتُشَارِكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ وَيُعْجِبُهُ مَالُهَا وَجَمَالُهَا فَيُرِيدُ وَلِيُّهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ أَنْ يُقْسِطَ فِي صَدَاقِهَا فَيُعْطِيهَا مثل مَا يُعْطَى غَيْرُهُ ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِلا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ وَيَبْلُغُوا لَهُنَّ أَعْلَى سُنَّتِهِنَّ مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ ، وَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَهُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي الآيَةِ الأُخْرَى : وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ سورة النساء آية 127 رَغْبَةُ أَحَدِكُمْ عَنْ يَتِيمَتِهِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِهِ ، تَكُونُ قَلِيلَةَ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا رَغِبُوا فِي مَالِهَا وَجَمَالِهَا فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ إِلا بِالْقِسْطِ ، مِنْ أَجْلِ رَغْبَتِهِمْ عَنْهُنَّ " .
Urwah bin Zubair narrates: He asked Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) about the statement of Allah: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O my nephew! This refers to the orphan girl who is under the guardianship of a man. That girl shares in his wealth. The man is interested in her wealth and beauty, so the guardian wants to marry her so that he does not have to pay her the dowry according to justice. He pays her a dowry less than what is customary, so people were forbidden from marrying such girls in this way, or they were commanded to pay them the dowry according to justice (i.e., as is customary). Those people were instructed to marry other women. Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: In another verse, Allah Almighty says: "And you do not desire to marry them." That is, a person does not desire to marry such an orphan girl who is under his guardianship, whose wealth and beauty are less. So people were forbidden from marrying those orphan girls in whom they are interested because of their wealth and beauty (because in the other case) their interest disappears. However, if they pay them the dowry according to justice, then (the ruling will be different).
Hadith 3669
نَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الأَشْعَثِ ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ، نَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ ، أنا شُعَيْبٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ . ح وَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَارِسِيُّ ، نَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ الْحَلَبِيُّ ، نَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَبِي مَنِيعٍ ، نَا جَدِّي ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ . ح وَنا أَبُو طَالِبٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْحَافِظُ ، نَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ ، نَا يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، نَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، قَالَ : كَانَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يُحَدِّثُ ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : أَرَأَيْتِ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 3 ؟ ، قَالَتْ : أَيِ ابْنَ أُخْتِي هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حَجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا فَيَرْغَبُ فِي جَمَالِهَا وَمَالِهَا وَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِأَدْنَى مِنْ سُنَّةِ صَدَاقِهَا ، فَنُهُوا عَنْ نِكَاحِهِنَّ ، إِلا أَنْ تُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ فِي إِكْمَالِ الصَّدَاقِ ، وَأُمِرُوا بِنِكَاحِ مَنْ سِوَاهُنَّ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : ثُمَّ اسْتَفْتَى النَّاسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ سورة النساء آية 127 ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : فَبَيَّنَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ أَنَّ الْيَتِيمَةَ إِذَا كَانَتْ ذَاتَ مَالٍ وَجَمَالٍ رَغِبُوا فِي نِكَاحِهَا وَلَمْ يُلْحِقُوهَا بِسُنَّتِهَا فِي إِكْمَالِ الصَّدَاقِ ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ مَرْغُوبًا عَنْهَا فِي قِلَّةِ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ تَرَكُوهَا وَالْتَمَسُوا غَيْرَهَا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ ، يَتْرُكُونَهَا حِينَ يَرْغَبُونَ عَنْهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهَا إِذَا رَغِبُوا فِيهَا ، إِلا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهَا وَيُعْطُوهَا حَقَّهَا الأَوْفَى مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ " ، مَعْنَاهُمْ مُتَقَارِبٌ.
Urwah bin Zubair narrates: He asked Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) about the statement of Allah: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O my nephew! This refers to the orphan girl who is under the guardianship of a man. That girl shares in his wealth. The man is interested in her wealth and beauty, so the guardian wants to marry her so that he does not have to pay her the dowry according to justice. He pays a dowry less than what is customary (i.e., less than what is just), so people were forbidden from marrying such girls in this way, or they were commanded to pay them the dowry according to justice (i.e., according to the customary amount). These people were instructed to marry other women instead. Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): Then people asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) questions, so Allah revealed this verse: "They ask you concerning women. Say, Allah gives you a ruling about them and about what is recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan girls to whom you do not give what is decreed for them, yet you desire to marry them." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): In this verse, Allah has explained the ruling for people: if a girl is beautiful and wealthy, these people are interested in marrying her, but they do not pay her the full dowry according to custom. But if the girl is lacking in beauty and wealth, they do not marry her, rather they look for other women. Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): When these people are not interested in such girls and abandon them, then they no longer have the right that if they become interested in such girls, they may marry them. However, if they deal justly with them regarding the dowry and pay it in full (then the ruling will be different). Their subject matter is mutually close.
Hadith 3670
نَا نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا ، نَا هَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، نَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : " وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سورة النساء آية 3 ، قَالَتْ : هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ هُوَ وَلِيُّهَا فَيَتَزَوَّجُهَا عَلَى مَالِهَا وَيُسِيءُ صُحْبَتَهَا ، وَلا يَعْدِلُ فِي مَالِهَا ، فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْ مَا طَابَ لَهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثَلاثَ وَرُبَاعَ " .
Hisham bin Urwah narrates from his father (Urwah bin Zubair), from Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), her statement regarding the saying of Allah: "If you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those women who please you." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: This refers to the orphan girl who was under the guardianship of a man. That man was her guardian, and then, because of her wealth, he would marry her, but he did not want to keep her with him and would not deal justly with her in her wealth. Such a person should marry another woman, whether two, or three, or four.
