سنن الدارقطني
Daraqutni
كتاب زكاةDiscussion on Zakat
بَابُ الْحَثِّ عَلَى إِخْرَاجِ الصَّدَقَةِ وَبَيَانِ قِسْمَتِهَا
Chapter on encouraging giving charity and explaining its distribution
Hadith 2055
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُبَشِّرٍ ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ ، ثنا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ ، ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ ، ثنا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ مُصَرِّفٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْسَجَةَ ، عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ ، قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : دُلَّنِي عَلَى عَمَلٍ يُقَرِّبُنِي مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَيُبَاعِدُنِي مِنَ النَّارِ ، قَالَ : " لَئِنْ أَقْصَرْتَ الْخُطْبَةَ لَقَدْ أَعْرَضْتَ الْمَسْأَلَةَ ، أَعْتِقِ النَّسَمَةَ وَكُفَّ الرَّقَبَةِ " ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَوَلَيْسَا وَاحِدًا ؟ فَقَالَ : " لا عِتْقُ النَّسَمَةِ أَنْ تَفَرَّدَ بِعِتْقِهَا ، وَفَكُّ الرَّقَبَةِ أَنْ تُعِينَ فِي ثَمَنِهَا ، وَالْمَنِحَةُ الْوَكُوفُ ، وَالْفَيْءُ عَلَى ذِي الرَّحِمِ الظَّالِمِ ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تُطِقْ فَكُفَّ لِسَانَكَ إِلا مِنْ خَيْرٍ " .
Sayyiduna Bara’ (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man came to the service of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said, “Guide me to an action that will bring me near to Paradise and keep me away from Hell!” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “If you speak little, refrain from asking (from others), free a slave, set a neck free (free a male or female slave).” He said, “O Messenger of Allah! Are these two not the same?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “No! To set a soul free means you free him, and to set a neck free means you help him by paying his price. Give a milch (she-camel or goat) without taking anything in return, and maintain ties with a relative who wrongs you. If you cannot do this, then speak only good words with your tongue.”
Hadith 2056
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيٌّ ، نا أَحْمَدُ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيَّ ، يَقُولُ : جَاءَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ ، وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ أَوْ قَالَ : جَاءَنِي سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ ، فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ .
Abu Ahmad Zubayri says: Sufyan Thawri came, and he asked him about this hadith, and I was present there at that time. The narrator is in doubt; perhaps these are the words: Sufyan Thawri came to me and he asked me about this hadith.
Hadith 2057
حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ سَوَادَةَ ، ثنا عُبَيْدَةُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ ، عَنْ عِيسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، بِهَذَا وَزَادَ " فَأَطْعِمِ الْجَائِعِ وَأَسْقِ الظَّمْآنَ ، وَأْمُرْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَانْهَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ ".
The same narration is transmitted with another chain, however, it contains these additional words: "Feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty, enjoin good, and forbid evil."
Hadith 2058
حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ . ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نَضْرِ بْنِ بُجَيْرٍ ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغَوِيُّ ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْبَحْرَانِيُّ ، قَالا : نا وَكِيعٌ ، ثنا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ مُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ ، فَقَالَ : " تَأْتِي قَوْمًا أَهْلَ كِتَابٍ ، فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ قَدْ أَطَاعُوكَ بِذَلِكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوكَ لِذَلِكَ فَأَعْلِمْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدِ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً فِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ وَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوكَ لِذَلِكَ فَإِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ ، وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ فَإِنَّهَا لا تُحْجَبُ " . وَقَالَ يَعْقُوبُ ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ : " فَإِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ حِجَابٌ ".
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent Mu’adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Yemen, he said: “You are going to a people of the Book, so call them to testify that there is no deity except Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah. If they obey you in this, then inform them that Allah has enjoined upon them five prayers every day and night. If they obey you in this, then inform them that Allah has made charity obligatory upon them, to be taken from their wealthy and given to their poor. If they accept this from you, then avoid taking the best of their wealth, and beware of the supplication of the oppressed, for there is no barrier between it and Allah.”
Hadith 2059
حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الرُّخَامِيُّ ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ صَيْفِيٍّ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا مَعْبَدٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ، يَقُولُ : لَمَّا بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُعَاذًا نَحْوَ الْيَمَنِ ، قَالَ لَهُ : " إِنَّكَ تَقْدُمُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فَلْيَكُنْ أَوَّلُ مَا تَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَيْهِ تَوْحِيدَ اللَّهِ ، فَإِذَا عَرَفُوا ذَلِكَ ، فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ افْتَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمِهِمْ وَلَيْلَتِهِمْ ، وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ زَكَاةَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ غَنِيِّهِمْ فَتُرَدُّ عَلَى فَقِيرِهِمْ ، فَإِذَا أَقَرُّوا بِذَلِكَ فَخُذْ وَتَوَقَّ كَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ " .
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: When the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) sent Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) to Yemen, he said to him: "You are going to a people of the Book, so the first thing you should invite them to is to affirm the Oneness of Allah. When they come to know this, then inform them that Allah has made five prayers obligatory upon them every day. And inform them that Allah has made zakat obligatory upon their wealth, to be taken from their wealthy and given to their poor. If they acknowledge this, then take it from them, but avoid taking the best of people's wealth."
Hadith 2060
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ ، ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُقَدَّمٍ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ سَوَّارٍ ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : " بَعَثَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَاعِيًا فَأَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِنَا ، فَقَسَمَهَا فِي فُقَرَائِنَا ، وَأَمَرَ لِي بِقَلُوصٍ " .
Awn bin Abu Hujayfah narrates from his father: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) sent a person to us to collect zakat. He collected zakat from our affluent people and then distributed it among our poor people. He instructed me to give a she-camel.
Hadith 2061
حَدَّثَنَا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، ثنا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : " بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِينَا سَاعِيًا فَأَخَذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِنَا فَرَدَّهَا فِي فُقَرَائِنَا ، وَكُنْتُ غُلامًا يَتِيمًا لا مَالَ لِي ، فَأَعْطَانِي قَلُوصًا " .
Awn bin Abu Hujayfah narrates from his father: The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) sent his official to us, and he collected zakat from our wealthy people and gave it to our poor people. At that time, I was an orphan (or a minor) boy and I had no wealth, so he gave me a young she-camel.
Hadith 2062
حَدَّثَنَا حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِمْرَانَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ، ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ، ثنا سَوَّارُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : " لا تَخْرُجُ الزَّكَاةُ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلا لِذِي قَرَابَةٍ " . مَوْقُوفٌ.
Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The amount of Zakat should not be transferred from one city to another, except if it is done to give a loan to relatives. This narration is Mawquf.
Hadith 2063
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ ، ثنا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ نُعَيْمٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِيِّ ، قَالَ : أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ يَبْعَثُ إِلَى قَوْمٍ جَيْشًا ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، احْبِسْ جَيْشَكَ فَأَنَا لَكَ بِإِسْلامِهِمْ وَطَاعَتِهِمْ ، وَكَتَبْتُ إِلَى قَوْمِي فَجَاءَ إِسْلامُهُمْ وَطَاعَتُهُمْ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " يَا أَخَا صُدَاءٍ الْمُطَاعُ فِي قَوْمِهِ ؟ " ، قَالَ : قُلْتُ : بَلْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهَدَاهُمْ ، ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الصَّدَقَاتِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَرْضَ فِي الصَّدَقَاتِ بِحُكْمِ نَبِيٍّ وَلا غَيْرِهِ حَتَّى جَزَّأَهَا ثَمَانِيَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ ، فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ الأَجْزَاءِ أَعْطَيْتُكَ " .
Sayyiduna Ziyad bin Harith Suda'i (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I presented myself before the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at a time when he was about to send an army towards my tribe. I said, "O Messenger of Allah! Please hold back your army, I guarantee you that these people will accept Islam and will also show obedience. I will write a letter to my tribe, and they will come accepting Islam and showing obedience." The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "O man from the tribe of Suda', whose people obey him!" The narrator says: I said, "No! Rather, Allah Almighty has bestowed His favor upon these people and has granted them guidance." The narrator states: Then a man came to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him for zakat money. So the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him, "Allah Almighty is not pleased with the decision of any Prophet or any other person regarding zakat until that person distributes the zakat into eight categories. If you are eligible for any of these categories, I will give it to you."
Hadith 2064
حَدَّثَنَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ الأَصْبَهَانِيُّ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ هَارُونَ ، ثنا أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الرَّازِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي سِنَانٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ . ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ ، ثنا أَبُو مَسْعُودٍ ، قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُضَرِّبٍ ، أَنَّ قَوْمًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ أَتَوْا عُمَرَ ، فَقَالُوا : إِنَّا قَدْ أَصَبْنَا أَمْوَالا وَخَيْلا وَرَقِيقًا ، وَإِنَّا نُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا فِيهِ زَكَاةٌ وَطَهُورٌ ، فَقَالَ : " مَا فَعَلَهُ صَاحِبَايَ فَأَفْعَلُهُ " ، قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : " مَا فَعَلَهُ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلِي فَأَفْعَلُهُ " ، فَاسْتَشَارَ النَّاسَ ، فَكَانَ فِيمَنِ اسْتَشَارَ عَلِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : " حَسَنٌ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ جِزْيَةٌ يُؤْخَذُ بِهَا مَنْ بَعْدَكَ " . قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَرْتَبَةً لِمَنْ بَعْدَكَ فَوَضَعَ عَلَى كُلِّ فَرَسٍ دِينَارًا .
Sayyiduna Haritha bin Mudarrib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Some people from Syria came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). They said: We have acquired some wealth, horses, and slaves. We wish to give zakat from them so that they may be purified. So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will do as my two masters have done." The narrator named Ishaq has reported these words: "I will do as those before me have done." Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) consulted the people about this matter, and among those he consulted was Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). He said: "This is correct, as long as it is not made into a jizya that will continue to be collected after you." The narrator named Ishaq has reported these words: "As long as it is not arranged in such a way that those after you will also collect it (then it is correct)." (The narrator says) So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) made it obligatory to pay one dinar for each horse.
Hadith 2065
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُوحٍ الْجُنْدِيسَابُورِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حَرْبٍ الْجُنْدِيسَابُورِيُّ ، ثنا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، ثنا أَبُو سِنَانٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ ضَمْرَةَ ، قَالَ : قَدِمَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ بِخَيْلٍ وَرَقِيقٍ ، فَقَالُوا لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ : خُذْ صَدَقَتَهَا ، فَقَالَ " مَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا فَعَلَهُ قَبْلِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ " ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ.
Asim bin Damrah narrates: Some people from Syria came bringing horses and slaves, and they said to Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): "You should collect zakat from them." So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "To my knowledge, no one before me has done this; I will inquire about this." (After that, the narrator mentioned the hadith as previously stated.)
Hadith 2066
حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ، ثنا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ ، ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ ، قَالَ : قَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ يَرْفَعُ الْحَدِيثَ ، قَالَ : " مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَهُوَ حَلالٌ ، وَمَا حَرَّمَ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ ، وَمَا سَكَتَ عَنْهُ فَهُوَ عَافِيَةٌ ، فَاقْبَلُوا مِنَ اللَّهِ عَافِيَتَهُ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَكُنْ نَسِيًّا ، ثُمَّ تَلا هَذِهِ الآيَةَ : وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا سورة مريم آية 64 " .
Sayyiduna Abu Darda’ (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that he reported as a marfu‘ hadith: (that is, the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said:) “Whatever Allah has declared lawful in His Book is lawful, and whatever He has declared unlawful is unlawful, and whatever He has not mentioned any ruling about is pardon. So accept the pardon granted by Allah. Allah does not forget anything.” Then he recited this verse: “And your Lord is not forgetful.”
