سنن الدارقطني
Daraqutni
كتاب النكاحDiscussion on Marriage
باب وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَىChapter: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphans..."
Hadith 3669
اُردوEn
نَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ الأَشْعَثِ ، نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ، نَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ ، أنا شُعَيْبٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ . ح وَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْفَارِسِيُّ ، نَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ الْحَلَبِيُّ ، نَا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَبِي مَنِيعٍ ، نَا جَدِّي ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ . ح وَنا أَبُو طَالِبٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ الْحَافِظُ ، نَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ ، نَا يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، نَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، قَالَ : كَانَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ يُحَدِّثُ ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : أَرَأَيْتِ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى : وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 3 ؟ ، قَالَتْ : أَيِ ابْنَ أُخْتِي هِيَ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حَجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا فَيَرْغَبُ فِي جَمَالِهَا وَمَالِهَا وَيُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِأَدْنَى مِنْ سُنَّةِ صَدَاقِهَا ، فَنُهُوا عَنْ نِكَاحِهِنَّ ، إِلا أَنْ تُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ فِي إِكْمَالِ الصَّدَاقِ ، وَأُمِرُوا بِنِكَاحِ مَنْ سِوَاهُنَّ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : ثُمَّ اسْتَفْتَى النَّاسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ سورة النساء آية 127 ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا : فَبَيَّنَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ أَنَّ الْيَتِيمَةَ إِذَا كَانَتْ ذَاتَ مَالٍ وَجَمَالٍ رَغِبُوا فِي نِكَاحِهَا وَلَمْ يُلْحِقُوهَا بِسُنَّتِهَا فِي إِكْمَالِ الصَّدَاقِ ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ مَرْغُوبًا عَنْهَا فِي قِلَّةِ الْمَالِ وَالْجَمَالِ تَرَكُوهَا وَالْتَمَسُوا غَيْرَهَا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ ، يَتْرُكُونَهَا حِينَ يَرْغَبُونَ عَنْهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهَا إِذَا رَغِبُوا فِيهَا ، إِلا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهَا وَيُعْطُوهَا حَقَّهَا الأَوْفَى مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ " ، مَعْنَاهُمْ مُتَقَارِبٌ.
Urwah bin Zubair narrates: He asked Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) about the statement of Allah: "And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: O my nephew! This refers to the orphan girl who is under the guardianship of a man. That girl shares in his wealth. The man is interested in her wealth and beauty, so the guardian wants to marry her so that he does not have to pay her the dowry according to justice. He pays a dowry less than what is customary (i.e., less than what is just), so people were forbidden from marrying such girls in this way, or they were commanded to pay them the dowry according to justice (i.e., according to the customary amount). These people were instructed to marry other women instead. Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): Then people asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) questions, so Allah revealed this verse: "They ask you concerning women. Say, Allah gives you a ruling about them and about what is recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan girls to whom you do not give what is decreed for them, yet you desire to marry them." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): In this verse, Allah has explained the ruling for people: if a girl is beautiful and wealthy, these people are interested in marrying her, but they do not pay her the full dowry according to custom. But if the girl is lacking in beauty and wealth, they do not marry her, rather they look for other women. Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her): When these people are not interested in such girls and abandon them, then they no longer have the right that if they become interested in such girls, they may marry them. However, if they deal justly with them regarding the dowry and pay it in full (then the ruling will be different). Their subject matter is mutually close.
