سنن الدارقطني
Daraqutni
كتاب الحدود والديات وغيرهDiscussion on Hudud (Prescribed Punishments)
كِتَابُ الْحُدُودِ وَالدِّيَاتِ وَغَيْرِهِBook of Hudud, Blood Money, and Others
Hadith 3364
اُردوEn
وَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا الْمُحَارِبِيُّ ، نَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ ، نَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَأَةَ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ خِشْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، قَالَ : " قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي دِيَةِ الْخَطَأِ مِائَةً مِنَ الإِبِلِ ، مِنْهَا عِشْرُونَ حِقَّةً ، وَعِشْرُونَ جَذَعَةً ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنَاتِ مَخَاضٍ ، وَعِشْرُونَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ " ، هَذَا حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ غَيْرُ ثَابِتٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْمَعْرِفَةِ بِالْحَدِيثِ ، مِنْ وُجُوهٍ عِدَّةٍ أَحَدُهَا أَنَّهُ مُخَالِفٌ لَمَّا رَوَاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، بِالسَّنَدِ الصَّحِيحِ عَنْهُ الَّذِي لا مَطْعَنَ فِيهِ ، وَلا تَأْوِيلَ عَلَيْهِ ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ أَعْلَمُ بِحَدِيثِ أَبِيهِ وَبِمَذْهَبِهِ وَفُتْيَاهُ مِنْ خِشْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَنُظَرَائِهِ ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَتْقَى لِرَبِّهِ وَأَشَحُّ عَلَى دِينِهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَرْوِيَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ يَقْضِي بِقَضَاءٍ وَيُفْتِي هُوَ بِخِلافِهِ ، هَذَا لا يُتَوَهَّمُ مِثْلُهُ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، وَهُوَ الْقَائِلُ فِي مَسْأَلَةٍ وَرَدَتْ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ فِيهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْهُ عَنْهُ فِيهَا قَوْلٌ : أَقُولُ فِيهَا بِرَأْيِي ، فَإِنْ يَكُنْ صَوَابًا فَمِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ، وَإِنْ يَكُنْ خَطَأً فَمِنِّي ، ثُمَّ بَلَغَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ فُتْيَاهُ فِيهَا وَافَقَ قَضَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي مِثْلِهَا ، فَرَآهُ أَصْحَابُهُ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ فَرِحَ فَرَحًا لَمْ يَرَوْهُ فَرِحَ مِثْلَهُ مِنْ مُوَافَقَةِ فُتْيَاهُ قَضَاءَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَمَنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُ وَهَذَا حَالُهُ فَكَيْفَ يَصِحُّ عَنْهُ أَنْ يَرْوِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَيْئًا وَيُخَالِفُهُ . وَيَشْهَدُ أَيْضًا لِرِوَايَةِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مَا رَوَاهُ وَكِيعٌ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ وَغَيْرُهُمَا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " دِيَةُ الْخَطَأِ أَخْمَاسًا ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the verdict that the blood money (diyah) for accidental killing is the payment of one hundred camels, of which twenty will be hiqqah, twenty jadh’ah, twenty bint labun, twenty bint makhad, and twenty ibn makhad. This hadith is weak, and according to the experts of hadith, it is not established in several respects. One reason is that this narration contradicts the narration transmitted by Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud’s (may Allah be pleased with him) son, Abu Ubaidah, with an authentic chain, a chain that cannot be criticized, and this narration cannot be interpreted otherwise. Abu Ubaidah is more knowledgeable about the hadith narrated by his father, his school of thought, and his fatwa than Khushaf bin Malik and others like him. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) was extremely God-fearing and very firm in his religion; it cannot be expected of him that he would narrate a report from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave such a verdict and then issue a fatwa contrary to it. Such a thing cannot even be imagined about a personality like Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him). In fact, when a certain issue was presented before him, he replied: “I have not heard anything from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this, nor do I have any knowledge of any narration from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about this matter. Therefore, I will present my own opinion in this issue; if it is correct, then it is from Allah and His Messenger, and if there is any mistake in it, then it is from myself.” Later, when Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) learned that the fatwa he had given on this issue was in accordance with the verdict of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), his companions saw that he was so pleased that his fatwa matched the verdict of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and his companions had never seen him so happy before. So, how can it be correct about someone with such a quality and state that he would narrate a report from the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and then issue a fatwa contrary to it? This is also supported by the narration transmitted by Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud’s (may Allah be pleased with him) son, Abu Ubaidah, and this narration has been transmitted by Waki’, Abdullah bin Wahb, and other hadith scholars from Sufyan Thawri, Mansur, and Ibrahim Nakha’i regarding Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The payment of blood money (diyah) for accidental killing will be in the form of five types of camels.
