سنن دارمي
Sunan ad-Darimi
من كتاب الفرائضFrom the Book of Inheritance
باب في مِيرَاثِ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا:
Chapter on inheritance of the child born out of wedlock
Hadith 3136
أَخْبَرَنَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَا: "وَلَدُ الزِّنَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ".
It is narrated from Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him), that Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The child of adultery is in the same status as the child of cursing (ibn al-mula'anah).
Hadith 3137
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، عَنْ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحُرِّ، حَدَّثَنِي الْحَكَمُ: أَنَّ "وَلَدَ الزِّنَا لَا يَرِثُهُ الَّذِي يَدَّعِيهِ، وَلَا يَرِثُهُ الْمَوْلُودُ".
Hakam said: The person of illegitimate birth whom someone claims as his child will not be his heir, nor will the child of illegitimate birth be his heir.
Hadith 3138
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا رَوْحٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَفْصَةَ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ "لَا يُوَرِّثُ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا، وَإِنْ ادَّعَاهُ الرَّجُلُ".
It is narrated from Imam Zuhri, may Allah have mercy on him, that Ali bin Husayn, may Allah have mercy on him, did not consider a child of adultery to be an heir, even if a man continued to claim him.
Hadith 3139
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي بَكْرُ بْنُ مُضَرَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، قَالَ: "أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَتَى إِلَى غُلَامٍ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ ابْنٌ لَهُ، وَأَنَّهُ زَنَى بِأُمِّهِ، وَلَمْ يَدَّعِ ذَلِكَ الْغُلَامَ أَحَدٌ، فَهُوَ يَرِثُهُ". قَالَ بُكَيْرٌ: وَسَأَلْتُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ وَقَالَ عُرْوَةُ: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: "الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ، وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ".
Sulayman bin Yasar said: Any man who comes to a boy and assumes that he is his son, and he had committed adultery with the boy’s mother, and no one else claims to be the boy’s father, then he will inherit from the boy. Bukair said: I asked ‘Urwah about this, and he gave the same answer as Sulayman bin Yasar, and ‘Urwah said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The child is for the (owner of the) bed, and for the adulterer is the stone (i.e., stoning).”
Hadith 3140
حَدَّثَنَا حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: "ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ مِثْلُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا، تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ، وَوَرَثَتُهُ، وَرَثَةُ أُمِّهِ".
Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The son of the mal'ana (the woman who has been cursed), is like the child of adultery; only his mother will inherit from him, and the heirs of his mother are his heirs.
Hadith 3141
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: "لَا يُوَرَّثُ وَلَدُ الزِّنَا".
Ibrahim, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The child of adultery will not be made an heir.
Hadith 3142
حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، عَنْ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، أَوْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ: فِي أَوْلَادِ الزِّنَا، قَالَ: "يَتَوَارَثُونَ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمَّهَاتِ، وَإِنْ وَلَدَتْ تَوْءَمًا فَمَاتَ، وَرِثَ السُّدُسَ".
Imam Zuhri, may Allah have mercy on him, said regarding the children of adultery that they will inherit from their mothers, and if a child is born and he dies, then (the other) will inherit one-sixth.
Hadith 3143
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ، عَنْ شِبَاكٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: "لَا يَرِثُ وَلَدُ الزِّنَا، إنما يرث من لم يقم على أبيه الحد، أو تملك أمه بنكاح 3، أو شراء".
Ibrahim, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The child of adultery (illegitimate) will not be an heir; the heir will be the one upon whose father the legal punishment has not been carried out, or the one who owns the mother of this child due to marriage or purchase.
Hadith 3144
حَدَّثَنَا حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل بْنُ أَبَانَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيل، عَنْ الْحَسَنِ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَفْجُرُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ، ثُمَّ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا، قَالَ: "لَا بَأْسَ، إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ حُبْلَى، فَإِنَّ الْوَلَدَ لَا يَلْحَقُهُ".
It is narrated from Ismail that Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: (If) a man commits adultery with a woman and then marries her, Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: There is no harm in marrying her except if she is pregnant (i.e., marriage should not be done while she is pregnant), but the child will not be attributed to him. (That is, the child born of adultery will neither be attributed to the father nor will he be an heir.)
Hadith 3145
حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَاشِدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: قَضَى أَنَّ "كُلَّ مُسْتَلْحَقٍ اسْتُلْحِقَ بَعْدَ أَبِيهِ الَّذِي ادَّعَاهُ وَرَثَتُهُ بَعْدَهُ، فَقَضَى إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمَةٍ يَمْلِكُهَا يَوْمَ يَطَؤُهَا، فَقَدْ لَحِقَ بِمَنْ اسْتَلْحَقَهُ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ فِيمَا قُسِمَ قَبْلَهُ مِنْ الْمِيرَاثِ شَيْءٌ، وَمَا أَدْرَكَ مِنْ مِيرَاثٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ، فَلَهُ نَصِيبُهُ، وَلَا يَلْحَقُ إِذَا كَانَ الَّذِي يُدْعَى لَهُ أَنْكَرَهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمَةٍ لَا يَمْلِكُهَا، أَوْ حُرَّةٍ عَاهَرَهَا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَلْحَقُ وَلَا يَرِثُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي يُدْعَى لَهُ هُوَ ادَّعَاهُ، فَهُوَ وَلَدُ زِنَا لِأَهْلِ أُمِّهِ مَنْ كَانُوا: حُرَّةً، أَوْ أَمَةً".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the ruling: "A boy who is attributed to his father after his father's death (that is, after the death of the man, his heirs claim that this is the child of our deceased), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that the boy is from the slave woman whom the father owned at the time of intercourse, so his lineage will be attributed to the one who claims him. However, whatever inheritance was distributed before he was attributed, he will have no share in it, but whatever inheritance has not been distributed, he will have a share in it. But if the father to whom his lineage is attributed had denied his lineage during his lifetime, then he will not be attributed to him by the claim of the heirs (that is, he will not be considered his child). And if the boy is from a slave woman whom the father did not own, or from a free woman with whom the father committed adultery, then his lineage will never be established from that man (even if the man's heirs attribute the child to him), nor will the child inherit from that (adulterer) man, even if the father claimed during his lifetime that this is my child, because he is a child of adultery, and he will be attributed to his mother's people, whether he was born from a free woman or a slave woman (after all, he is a child of adultery, and will not inherit, nor be included in the lineage)."
Hadith 3146
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الشَّعْبِيَّ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ لِي وَلَدُ زِنًا، قَالَ: "لَا تَبِعْهُ، وَلَا تَأْكُلْ ثَمَنَهُ، وَاسْتَخْدِمْهُ".
Umair bin Zaid said: I asked Sha’bi, may Allah have mercy on him, about my slave who was born from adultery, so he replied: Do not sell him, do not eat his price, you may only take service from him.
Hadith 3147
حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ: سُئِلَ عَنْ وَلَدِ زِنَا يَمُوتُ، قَالَ: "إِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ عَرَبِيَّةٍ، وَرِثَتْ أُمُّهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَجُعِلَ بَقِيَّةُ مَالِهِ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ ابْنَ مَوْلَاةٍ، وَرِثَتْ أُمُّهُ الثُّلُثَ، وَوَرِثَ مَوَالِيهَا الَّذِينَ أَعْتَقُوهَا مَا بَقِيَ . قَالَ مَرْوَانُ: سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ.
Saeed said: Imam Zuhri, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked about a child born out of wedlock who passes away. He said: If he was from an Arab woman, then his mother will inherit one-third (1/3), and the rest of the wealth will be deposited into the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal). And if the deceased was the son of a slave woman, then his mother will also inherit one-third, and whatever remains, its heirs will be those who freed the slave woman. Marwan said: I heard Imam Malik, may Allah have mercy on him, say the same.
Hadith 3148
حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "قَضَى بِمِيرَاثِ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ لِأُمِّهِ كُلِّهِ، لِمَا لَقِيَتْ فِيهِ مِنْ الْعَنَاءِ".
Amr bin Shu'aib narrated from his father, who narrated from his grandfather (Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As, may Allah be pleased with them), that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled that the entire inheritance (wealth) of the child of al-Mula'anah (the child whose father denies him) is for the mother, because it is due to her that she has been afflicted with hardships.
Hadith 3149
حَدَّثَنَا حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل بْنُ أَبَانَ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَصِيرَةَ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي وَلَدِ الزِّنَا لِأَوْلِيَاءِ أُمِّهِ: "خُذُوا ابْنَكُمْ تَرِثُونَهُ وَتَعْقِلُونَهُ، وَلَا يَرِثُكُمْ".
It is narrated from Zaid bin Wahb that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said regarding a child born of adultery to the guardians of his mother: "Take him, you will be his heirs, and you will be responsible for his blood money, and he will not be your heir."
