سنن دارمي
Sunan ad-Darimi
من كتاب الفرائضFrom the Book of Inheritance
باب الْوَلاَءِ:
Chapter on wala' (loyalty/freed slave relationship)
Hadith 3039
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "الْمَوْلَى أَخٌ فِي الدِّينِ وَنِعْمَةٌ، أَحَقُّ النَّاسِ بِمِيرَاثِهِ أَقْرَبُهُمْ مِنْ الْمُعْتِقِ".
It is narrated from Imam Zuhri, may Allah have mercy on him: The Noble Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "A freed slave is a religious brother and a brother who sets free, and the one most entitled to his inheritance is the one who is closest to the one who set him free." By «نعمة» is meant «صاحب المنه».
Hadith 3040
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، حدثنا مَنْصُورٌ، عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكًا، ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْمَوْلَى وَالْمَمْلُوكُ، وَتَرَكَ الْمُعْتِقُ أَبَاهُ وَابْنَهُ، قَالَا: "الْمَالُ لِلِابْنِ".
Muhammad bin Salim said: It is narrated from Sha'bi, may Allah have mercy on him: A person who freed a slave, then the one who freed (the owner and master) and the slave both passed away, and the one who freed left behind his father and son, then the wealth will go to the son.
Hadith 3041
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَابْنَ ابْنِهِ، فَقَالَ: "الْوَلَاءُ لِابْنِ الِابْنِ".
Saeed bin Al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is narrated from our master Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him): A man left behind his father and his grandson, so the right of inheritance (wala’) will go to the grandson.
Hadith 3042
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَمَّرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا خُصَيْفٌ، عَنْ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ: أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَعْتَقَتْ عَبْدًا لَهَا، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ ابْنَهَا وَأَخَاهَا، ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ مَوْلَاهَا، فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ابْنُ الْمَرْأَةِ وَأَخُوهَا فِي مِيرَاثِهِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "مِيرَاثُهُ لِابْنِ الْمَرْأَةِ، فَقَالَ أَخُوهَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّه، ِلَوْ أَنَّهُ جَرَّ جَرِيرَةً، عَلَى مَنْ كَانَتْ ؟ قَالَ: عَلَيْكَ".
Khushaif narrated: It is reported from Ziyad bin Abi Maryam that a woman freed her slave, then that woman passed away and she left behind her son and her brother. Then her slave also died. So the woman's (the one who freed) son and her brother came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) regarding inheritance. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "The inheritance of this slave is for the woman's son." The woman's brother said: O Messenger of Allah! If he (the slave) had committed any crime, who would have been responsible? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "You would have been responsible."
Hadith 3043
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُغِيرَةُ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ"عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكًا لَهُ، فَمَاتَ وَمَاتَ الْمَوْلَى، فَتَرَكَ الْمُعْتِقُ أَبَاهُ وَابْنَهُ، فَقَالَ لِأَبِيهِ: كَذَا، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِابْنِهِ".
Mughira said: I asked Ibrahim, may Allah have mercy on him: A man freed his slave, then both the slave and the one who freed him died, and the one who freed him left behind his father and his own son. So he (Ibrahim) said: The father gets his share, and whatever remains (due to being 'Asabah) is for his son.
Hadith 3044
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَكَمَ، وَحَمَّادًا، يَقُولَانِ: "هُوَ لِلِابْنِ".
It is narrated from Shu’bah: I heard from Hakam and Hammad, they used to say: (In the aforementioned case, the right to the slave’s wealth belongs only) that wealth is for the son.
Hadith 3045
أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَنْبَأَنَا الْأَشْعَثُ، عَنْ الْحَسَن": أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ"خَرَجَ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ، فَرَأَى رَجُلًا يُبَاعُ، فَأَتَاهُ فَسَاوَمَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ تَرَكَهُ فَرَآهُ رَجُلٌ فَاشْتَرَاهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي اشْتَرَيْتُ هَذَا فَأَعْتَقْتُهُ، فَمَا تَرَى فِيهِ ؟ فَقَالَ: هُوَ أَخُوكَ وَمَوْلَاكَ، قَالَ: مَا تَرَى فِي صُحْبَتِهِ ؟ قَالَ: إِنْ شَكَرَكَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ وَشَرٌّ لَكَ، وَإِنْ كَفَرَكَ فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ وَشَرٌّ لَهُ، قَالَ: مَا تَرَى فِي مَالِهِ ؟ قَالَ: إِنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ عَصَبَةً فَأَنْتَ وَارِثُهُ".
It is narrated from Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) went towards Jannat al-Baqi‘ and saw that a man was being sold. The Prophet (peace be upon him) approached him and bid a price for him, then left him (i.e., did not buy him). Another man saw him, bought him, and set him free. Then he brought him to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and said: I have bought him and I set him free; what is your opinion about this? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "He is your (Muslim) brother and your slave." He asked: What is your opinion about keeping him with me? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "If he shows gratitude to you, then that is better for him, but not good for you; and if he is ungrateful to you, then that is better for you and bad for him." He asked: What is your opinion about his wealth? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "If he dies and there are no heirs to collect his wealth, then you are his heir."
Hadith 3046
أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَشْعَثُ، عَنْ الْحَكَمِ، وَسَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَدَّادٍ: أَنَّ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ أَعْتَقَتْ عَبْدًا لَهَا، فَمَاتَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَمَوْلَاتَهُ بِنْتَ حَمْزَةَ،"فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِيرَاثَهُ بَيْنَ ابْنَتِهِ وَمَوْلَاتِهِ بِنْتِ حَمْزَةَ نِصْفَيْنِ".
It is narrated from Abdullah bin Shaddad that the daughter of Sayyiduna Hamza (may Allah be pleased with him) freed her slave. That slave passed away, leaving behind his daughter and his mistress, the daughter of Hamza. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) divided his inheritance equally, half to his daughter and half to his mistress.
Hadith 3047
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ، عَنْ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ شَمُوسَ الْكِنْدِيَّةِ، قَالَتْ: "قَاضَيْتُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فِي أَبٍ مَاتَ فَلَمْ يَدَعْ أَحَدًا غَيْرِي، وَمَوْلَاهُ، فَأَعْطَانِي النِّصْفَ، َوَأَعْطَى مَوْلَاهُ النِّصْفَ".
Shumus al-Kindiya said: I went to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) with a case that my father had left me and the owner (the emancipator), so he gave me half and the remaining half to the emancipating owner.
Hadith 3048
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى، عَنْ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْكَنُودِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ: "أَنَّهُ أُتِيَ بِابْنَةٍ وَمَوْلًى، فَأَعْطَى الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ، وَالْمَوْلَى النِّصْفَ، قَالَ الْحَكَمُ: فَمَنْزِلِي هَذَا نَصِيبُ الْمَوْلَى الَّذِي وَرِثَهُ عَنْ مَوْلَاهُ.
It is narrated from Abu al-Kanood that a case was brought before Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) involving a girl (daughter) and a master (owner). He gave half to the daughter and the remaining half to the master who had set her free. Hakam said: Thus, my house is the share of the one who inherited it from its owner.
Hadith 3049
أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ أَشْعَثَ، عَنْ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُدْلِجٍ: أَنَّهُ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَمَوَالِيَهُ، فَأَعْطَى عَلِيٌّ ابْنَتَهُ النِّصْفَ وَمَوَالِيَهُ النِّصْفَ".
It is narrated from Hakam bin Utaibah: Abdur Rahman bin Mudlij passed away and he left behind his daughter and owners. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) gave half to the daughter and divided the remaining half among the owners.
Hadith 3050
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، عَنْ ابْنِ إِدْرِيسَ، عَنْ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ الشَّمُّوسِ: "أَنَّ أَبَاهَا مَاتَ، فَجَعَلَ عَلِيٌّ لَهَا النِّصْفَ وَلِمَوَالِيهِ النِّصْفَ".
It is narrated from Al-Shamoos that when her father passed away, Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) gave her half the share and gave the other half to the owners.
Hadith 3051
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَثُ، عَنْ جَهْمِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ: أَنَّهُ"سُئِلَ عَنْ أُخْتَيْنِ اشْتَرَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا أَبَاهَا فَأَعْتَقَتْهُ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ، قَالَ لَهُمَا: الثُّلُثَانِ فَرِيضَتُهُمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْمُعْتِقَةِ دُونَ الْأُخْرَى".
Jahm bin Dinar narrated from Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) that it is reported from him: He was asked: There are two sisters, one of whom bought her father and set him free, then he (the father) passed away. So Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Both sisters will receive two-thirds as the share prescribed in the Holy Qur'an: «فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ . . . . . .» [النساء: 176/4] Whatever remains will be only for the daughter who set him free. That is, the other sister will not receive anything from the remaining share beyond the two-thirds, and the entire remainder will go to the emancipating daughter.
Hadith 3052
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَشْعَثُ، عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ: "فِي امْرَأَةٍ أَعْتَقَتْ أَبَاهَا، فَمَاتَ الْأَبُ وَتَرَكَ أَرْبَعَ بَنَاتٍ هِيَ إِحْدَاهُنَّ، قَالَ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَّةٌ، لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، وَهِيَ مَعَهُنَّ".
It is narrated from Ash'ath that Shu'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated: A woman freed her father, then the father passed away and left behind four daughters, one of whom was the one who freed him. Shu'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The one who freed him has no special favor; two-thirds will be divided among all four sisters, and the freedwoman will also be included among them.
