سنن دارمي
Sunan ad-Darimi
من كتاب السيرFrom the Book of Expeditions
باب في الدَّعْوَةِ إِلَى الإِسْلاَمِ قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِ:
Chapter: Invitation to Islam Before Fighting
Hadith 2479
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَمَّرَ رَجُلًا عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاهُ: "إِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى إِحْدَى ثَلَاثِ خِلَالٍ أَوْ ثَلاثِ خِصَالٍ فَأَيَّتُهُمْ مَا أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا، فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ إِنْ هُمْ فَعَلُوا أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا، فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، يَجْرِي عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ الَّذِي يَجْرِي عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِي الْفَيْءِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ نَصِيبٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ . فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا فِي الْإِسْلامِ، فَسَلْهُمْ إِعْطَاءَ الْجِزْيَةِ، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا، فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا، فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ . وَإِنْ حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ، فَإِنْ أَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ، فَلَا تَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا ذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ، وَلَكِنْ اجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ وَذِمَّةَ أَبِيكَ، وَذِمَّةَ أَصْحَابِكَ، فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تُخْفِرُوا بِذِمَّتِكُمْ وَذِمَّةِ آبَائِكُمْ، أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ . وَإِنْ حَاصَرْتَ حِصْنًا فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ، فَلَا تُنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ، وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ، فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَتُصِيبُ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ أَمْ لا، ثُمَّ اقْضِ فِيهِمْ بِمَا شِئْتَ".
Sulaiman bin Buraidah narrated from his father, who said: Whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) appointed someone as the commander of a military detachment, he would advise him: “When you meet your polytheist enemy, invite them to three things. Accept whichever of these three traits they agree to, and do not fight them. These three things are: Invite them to Islam. If they agree to it, accept it from them and refrain from harming them (i.e., do not harm their lives or property). Then tell them to migrate from their land to the land of the Muhajirun, and inform them that if they do so, they will have the same rights and obligations as the Muhajirun; the same punishments (for offenses) that apply to the Muhajirun will apply to them. If they refuse to migrate, their status will be like that of Muslim villagers, and Allah’s ruling that applies to Muslims will apply to them, but they will not have any share in the spoils of war or in any wealth obtained without battle, except if they fight alongside the Muslims. If they refuse to accept Islam, then tell them to pay the jizyah. If they agree to pay the jizyah, accept it from them and refrain from harming them (their lives and property are protected as they have become dhimmis). If they refuse to pay the jizyah, then seek Allah’s help and fight them. If you besiege a fortress and its people ask you for the protection of Allah and His Messenger (i.e., they seek amnesty), do not grant them the protection of Allah and His Messenger, but grant them your own protection, or that of your father or your companions, because if you break your own or your forefathers’ protection, it is easier than breaking the protection of Allah and His Messenger. If you besiege a fortress and its people wish to come out on the condition of Allah’s judgment, do not let them out on that condition, but only on your own judgment, because you do not know whether you will be able to carry out Allah’s judgment regarding them or not. After that, decide about them as you wish.”
Hadith 2480
قَالَ عَلْقَمَةُ: فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ مُقَاتِلَ بْنَ حَيَّانَ، فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُسْلِمُ بْنُ هَيْصَمٍ، عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِثْلَهُ.
Alqamah said: I narrated this hadith to Muqatil bin Hayyan, so he said: This very hadith was narrated to me by Muslim bin Haysam from our master Nu'man bin Muqarrin, may Allah be pleased with him, and he narrated it in the same way from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.
Hadith 2481
أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: "مَا قَاتَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَوْمًا حَتَّى دَعَاهُمْ"، قَالَ عَبْد اللَّهِ: سُفْيَانُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ يَعْنِي: هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ.
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not fight any people before inviting them (to Islam).
Imam Darimi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sufyan did not hear this hadith from Ibn Abi Najih. (That is, this narration is disconnected.)
Imam Darimi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sufyan did not hear this hadith from Ibn Abi Najih. (That is, this narration is disconnected.)
