سنن دارمي
Sunan ad-Darimi
مقدمهIntroduction
باب الاِقْتِدَاءِ بِالْعُلَمَاءِ:
Chapter: Following the Scholars
Hadith 224
أَخْبَرَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: "لَقَدْ أَدْرَكْتُ أَقْوَامًا لَوْ لَمْ يُجَاوِزْ أَحَدُهُمْ ظِفْرًا، لَمَا جَاوَزْتُهُ، كَفَى إِزْرَاءً عَلَى قَوْمٍ أَنْ تُخَالَفَ أَفْعَالُهُمْ".
Imam Ibrahim al-Nakha'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: I found the predecessors such that if any one of them did not exceed even the measure of a fingernail, then I too would not go beyond that (i.e., would not exceed). It is sufficient disgrace for a people that you oppose their actions.
Hadith 225
أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ: أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ سورة النساء آية 59، قَالَ: "أُولُو الْعِلْمِ وَالْفِقْهِ، وَطَاعَةُ الرَّسُولِ: اتِّبَاعُ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ".
Ata bin Abi Rabah, may Allah have mercy on him, said in the explanation of the verse «﴿أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ ....﴾» [النسا: 59/4] that «اولي الامر» are the people of knowledge and understanding, and «طاعة الرسول» is following the Book and the Sunnah.
Hadith 226
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَدْهَمَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ شُبْرُمَةَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، وَكَانَتْ عِنْدِي مَسْأَلَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ، فَقُلْتُ: رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ، انْظُرْ فِيهَا، قَالَ: "إِذَا وَضَحَ لِيَ الطَّرِيقُ، وَوَجَدْتُ الْأَثَرَ، لَمْ أَحْبَسْ".
Ibrahim bin Adham narrated that I asked Abdullah bin Shubrumah about something whose ruling was very important to me. I said: May Allah have mercy on you, please consider this matter. He said: If I understand it and find it in the hadith, I will certainly not hesitate.
Hadith 227
أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَجَرَ، قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "تَعَلَّمُوا الْعِلْمَ وَعَلِّمُوهُ النَّاسَ، تَعَلَّمُوا الْفَرَائِضَ وَعَلِّمُوهُ النَّاسَ، تَعَلَّمُوا الْقُرْآنَ وَعَلِّمُوهُ النَّاسَ، فَإِنِّي امْرُؤٌ مَقْبُوضٌ، وَالْعِلْمُ سَيُنْقَصُ وَتَظْهَرُ الْفِتَنُ حَتَّى يَخْتَلِفَ اثْنَانِ فِي فَرِيضَةٍ لَا يَجِدَانِ أَحَدًا يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "Learn knowledge and teach it to the people, learn the knowledge of obligations (fara'id) and teach it to the people, learn the Qur'an and teach it to the people. Surely, I am about to pass away and knowledge will diminish, tribulations will appear until two men will differ regarding an obligation (fard) and there will not be anyone who can decide between them."
Hadith 228
أَخْبَرَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ أَبِي خَلِيفَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زِيَادَ بْنَ مِخْرَاقٍ ذَكَرَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ، وَأَبَا مُوسَى إِلَى الْيَمَنِ , قَالَ: "تَسَانَدَا وَتَطَاوَعَا، وَبَشِّرَا وَلَا تُنَفِّرَا"، فَقَدِمَا الْيَمَنَ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ مُعَاذٌ فَحَضَّهُمْ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالتَّفَقُّهِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، وَقَالَ: إِذَا فَعَلْتُمْ ذَلِكَ، فَاسْأَلُونِي أُخْبِرْكُمْ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، فَمَكَثُوا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَمْكُثُوا، فَقَالُوا لِمُعَاذٍ: قَدْ كُنْتَ أَمَرْتَنَا إِذَا نَحْنُ تَفَقَّهْنَا وَقَرَأْنَا أَنْ نَسْأَلَكَ فَتُخْبِرَنَا بِأَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ مُعَاذٌ: إِذَا ذُكِرَ الرَّجُلُ بِخَيْرٍ، فَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ بِشَرٍّ فَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ.
Narrated by Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal and Sayyiduna Abu Musa Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with them both) towards Yemen and said: Both of you should trust each other, obey one another, make things easy and do not spread hatred. So when these two noble companions reached Yemen, Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) delivered a sermon, encouraged the people towards Islam, and instructed them to understand the Qur'an. He said: When you have done this, then ask me, and I will tell you about the people of Paradise and the people of Hell. Thus, as long as Allah willed, those people remained silent. Then they said to Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him): You had instructed us that if we understood the Qur'an, we should ask you, so you would tell us about the people of Paradise and the people of Hell. So Sayyiduna Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) said: When a person is remembered with goodness, he is among the people of Paradise, and when he is remembered with evil, he is among the people of Hell.
Hadith 229
حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ يُحَدِّثُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَكْرَمُ ؟، قَالَ: "أَتْقَاهُمْ"، قَالُوا: لَيْسَ عَنْ هَذَا نَسْأَلُكَ، قَالَ: "فَيُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ بْنُ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَلِيلِ اللَّهِ"، قَالُوا: لَيْسَ عَنْ هَذَا نَسْأَلُكَ، قَالَ: "فَعَنْ مَعَادِنِ الْعَرَبِ تَسْأَلُونِي ؟ خِيَارُهُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ خِيَارُهُمْ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ إِذَا فَقُهُوا".
Sayyiduna Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that it was asked: O Messenger of Allah! Who is the most noble? He replied: "The one who is the most pious." It was said: We are not asking about this. He said: "Then Allah's Prophet Yusuf, son of Allah's Prophet, son of Allah's Prophet, son of Allah's Khalil (is the most noble)." The companions said: We are not asking about this either. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Alright, are you asking about the families of the Arabs? Listen, those who were noble in the time of ignorance are also noble in Islam, provided they gain understanding of the religion."
Hadith 230
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ هُوَ ابْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ الْهَاديِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ يُرِدْ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا، يُفَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ".
Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: When Allah intends good for someone, He grants him understanding of the religion.
Hadith 231
أَخْبَرَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيل بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "مَنْ يُرِدْ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا، يُفَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When Allah intends good for someone, He grants him understanding of the religion."
Hadith 232
أَخْبَرَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ جَبَلَةَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: "مَنْ يُرِدْ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا، يُفَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ".
Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: "When Allah intends good for someone, He gives him understanding of the religion."
Hadith 233
أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الزَّهْرَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل هُوَ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحُوَيْرِثِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ خُطْبَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ: "أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أَدْرِي لَعَلِّي لَا أَلْقَاكُمْ بَعْدَ يَوْمِي هَذَا بِمَكَانِي هَذَا، فَرَحِمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ سَمِعَ مَقَالَتِي الْيَوْمَ فَوَعَاهَا، فَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ وَلَا فِقْهَ لَهُ، وَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ، وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ أَمْوَالَكُمْ وَدِمَاءَكُمْ حَرَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ كَحُرْمَةِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ، فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ، فِي هَذَا الْبَلَدِ، وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْقُلُوبَ لَا تُغِلُّ عَلَى ثَلَاثٍ: إِخْلَاصِ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ، وَمُنَاصَحَةِ أُولِي الْأَمْرِ، وَعَلَى لُزُومِ جَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنَّ دَعْوَتَهُمْ تُحِيطُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ".
Muhammad bin Jubair bin Mut’im narrated from his father, who heard in the Farewell Pilgrimage on the day of Arafah, the sermon of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): “O people! Indeed, I do not know whether after today I will be able to meet you again at this place. So may Allah have mercy on the person who heard my words today and remembered them. Some who learn jurisprudence (fiqh) are not themselves jurists, and many who carry jurisprudence convey it to someone more knowledgeable than themselves. And O people! Know that your wealth and your blood are sacred to each other just as the sanctity of this day, this month, and this city. And listen! Hearts will not betray in three things: making deeds sincere for Allah, being sincere with the rulers, and adhering to the community of Muslims. Indeed, their supplication encompasses them.” (That is, the supplication surrounds them for protection from calamities and afflictions.)
Hadith 234
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاق، عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْخَيْفِ مِنْ مِنًى، فَقَالَ: "نَضَّرَ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا سَمِعَ مَقَالَتِي فَوَعَاهَا، ثُمَّ أَدَّاهَا إِلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا، فَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ لَا فِقْهَ لَهُ، وَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ ثَلَاثٌ لَا يُغِلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَلْبُ الْمُؤْمِنِ: إِخْلَاصُ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ، وَطَاعَةُ ذَوِي الْأَمْرِ، وَلُزُومُ الْجَمَاعَةِ، فَإِنَّ دَعْوَتَهُمْ تَكُونُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ".
Muhammad bin Jubair bin Mut'im narrated from his father that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stood at Mina near the place of Khayf and said: "May Allah keep fresh the person who hears my words and preserves them, then conveys them to those who did not hear. Many carriers of jurisprudence and hadith are not themselves jurists, and many carriers of jurisprudence and hadith convey it to someone who is more learned than themselves." There are three things regarding which the heart of a believer will not betray (or will not hold malice): making deeds sincere for Allah, obeying the rulers and leaders, and adhering to the community (jama'ah); their supplication encompasses them.
Hadith 235
أَخْبَرَنَا عِصْمَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنَا حَرَمِيُّ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ مِنْ عِنْدِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، بِنِصْفِ النَّهَارِ، قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ مَا خَرَجَ هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ مِنْ عِنْدِ مَرْوَانَ إِلَّا وَقَدْ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، سَأَلَنِي عَنْ حَدِيثٍ سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: "نَضَّرَ اللَّهُ امْرَأً سَمِعَ مِنَّا حَدِيثًا فَحَفِظَهُ، فَأَدَّاهُ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَحْفَظُ مِنْهُ، فَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ لَيْسَ بِفَقِيهٍ، وَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهٍ إِلَى مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ، لَا يَعْتَقِدُ قَلْبُ مُسْلِمٍ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ إِلَّا دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ"، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مَا هُنَّ ؟، قَالَ: إِخْلَاصُ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ، وَالنَّصِيحَةُ لِوُلَاةِ الْأَمْرِ، وَلُزُومُ الْجَمَاعَةِ، فَإِنَّ دَعْوَتَهُمْ تُحِيطُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ الْآخِرَةُ نِيَّتَهُ، جَعَلَ اللَّهُ غِنَاهُ فِي قَلْبِهِ، وَجَمَعَ لَهُ شَمْلَهُ، وَأَتَتْهُ الدُّنْيَا وَهِيَ رَاغِمَةٌ، وَمَنْ كَانَتْ الدُّنْيَا نِيَّتَهُ، فَرَّقَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ شَمْلَهُ، وَجَعَلَ فَقْرَهُ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَلَمْ يَأْتِهِ مِنْ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ"، قَالَ: وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَلَاةِ الْوُسْطَى، قَالَ: هِيَ الظُّهْرُ.
Abdur Rahman bin Aban bin Uthman narrated from his father Aban that Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) came out from Marwan bin Al-Hakam at midday. I said that his coming out from Marwan at this time means that Marwan has asked him about something. So I went to Zaid and inquired from him, and he said: Yes, Marwan asked me about the hadith which I heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace be upon him) said: “May Allah keep fresh the person who hears a hadith from us and memorizes it and conveys it to one who is more mindful of it than himself, for sometimes the bearer of fiqh is not a faqih, and sometimes the bearer of fiqh conveys it to one who is more mindful of it than himself. Any Muslim whose heart holds fast to three qualities will enter Paradise.” Aban said: I asked, what are those three qualities? He replied: “To make one’s deeds sincere for Allah, to wish well for the Muslim rulers, and to remain attached to the congregation of Muslims, for the supplication of the Muslims encompasses them from behind. And whoever’s intention is for the Hereafter, Allah makes his heart content and gathers his scattered affairs, and the world comes to him willingly. And whoever’s intention is for the world, Allah scatters his affairs and places poverty between his eyes, and he gets nothing from the world except what has been decreed for him.” Aban said: I asked you which is the middle prayer (Salat al-Wusta), so he replied: The Zuhr prayer.
Hadith 236
أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ زُبَيْدٍ الْيَامِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَجْلَانِ، عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: "نَضَّرَ اللَّهُ امْرَءًا سَمِعَ مِنَّا حَدِيثًا فَبَلَّغَهُ كَمَا سَمِعَهُ، فَرُبَّ مُبَلَّغٍ أَوْعَى مِنْ سَامِعٍ، ثَلَاثٌ لَا يَغِلُّ عَلَيْهِنَّ قَلْبُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ: إِخْلَاصُ الْعَمَلِ لِلَّهِ، وَالنَّصِيحَةُ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ، وَلُزُومُ جَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَإِنَّ دُعَاءَهُمْ يُحِيطُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ".
Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon before us and said: “May Allah keep fresh the person who hears a hadith from us and conveys it exactly as he heard it (to others), because sometimes the one to whom the hadith is conveyed remembers it better than the one who heard it. There are three things regarding which the heart of a Muslim does not betray: making deeds sincere for Allah, wishing well for every Muslim, and adhering to the community of Muslims, for their prayers encompass them from behind.”
