سنن دارمي
Sunan ad-Darimi
مقدمه
Introduction
باب صِفَةِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ في الْكُتُبِ قَبْلَ مَبْعَثِهِ:
Chapter: The Description of the Prophet in Previous Scriptures Before His Mission
8 hadith
Hadith 5
أَخْبَرَنَا
الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، حَدَّثَنَا
أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ
الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ
أَبِي صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ
كَعْبٌ: نَجِدُهُ مَكْتُوبًا:
"مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا فَظٌّ، وَلَا غَلِيظٌ، وَلَا صَخَّابٌ بِالْأَسْوَاقِ، وَلَا يَجْزِي بِالسَّيِّئَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ، وَلَكِنْ يَعْفُو وَيَغْفِرُ، وَأُمَّتُهُ الْحَمَّادُونَ يُكَبِّرُونَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى كُلِّ نَجْدٍ، وَيَحْمَدُونَهُ فِي كُلِّ مَنْزِلَةٍ، وَيَتَأَزَّرُونَ عَلَى أَنْصَافِهِمْ، وَيَتَوَضَّئُونَ عَلَى أَطْرَافِهِمْ، مُنَادِيهِمْ يُنَادِي فِي جَوِّ السَّمَاءِ صَفُّهُمْ فِي الْقِتَالِ، وَصَفُّهُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ سَوَاءٌ، لَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ دَوِيٌّ كَدَوِيِّ النَّحْلِ، مَوْلِدُهُ بِمَكَّةَ، وَمُهَاجِرُهُ بِطَيْبَةَ، وَمُلْكُهُ بِالشَّامِ".
It is narrated from Abu Salih Dhakwan that Sayyiduna Ka'b said: We have seen this written: Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah, neither foul-mouthed, nor hard-hearted, nor one who raises his voice in the markets, nor does he repay evil with evil; rather, he acts with forgiveness and forbearance. His followers will be great praisers, who will sing the greatness of Allah upon every hilltop and praise Him at every stop. They will wear their lower garments up to mid-calf and perform ablution of hands and feet. Their caller will announce in the heavens that their rows in prayer and on the battlefield are the same. Their humming at night is like the buzzing of bees. The birthplace of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is Makkah, the place of migration is Madinah Tayyibah, and his rule will extend to the land of Sham (Greater Syria).
Hadith 6
حَدَّثَنَا
عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنِي
اللَّيْثُ، حَدَّثَنِي
خَالِدٌ هُوَ ابْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنْ
سَعِيدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي هِلَالٍ، عَنْ
هِلَالِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ
عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ
ابْنِ سَلَامٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ:
"إِنَّا لَنَجِدُ صِفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا، وَحِرْزًا، لِلْأُمِّيِّينَ، أَنْتَ عَبْدِي وَرَسُولِي، سَمَّيْتُهُ الْمُتَوَكِّلَ، لَيْسَ بِفَظٍّ، وَلَا غَلِيظٍ، وَلَا صَخَّابٍ بِالْأَسْوَاقِ، وَلَا يَجْزِي بِالسَّيِّئَةِ مِثْلَهَا، وَلَكِنْ يَعْفُو وَيَتَجَاوَزُ، وَلَنْ أَقْبِضَهُ حَتَّى يُقِيمَ الْمِلَّةَ الْمُتَعَوِّجَةَ بِأَنْ يَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، نَفْتَحُ بِهِ أَعْيُنًا عُمْيًا وَآذَانًا صُمًا، وَقُلُوبًا غُلْفًا"، قَالَ عَطَاءُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو وَاقِدٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ كَعْبًا يَقُولُ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ ابْنُ سَلَامٍ.
Abdullah bin Salam used to say: We find the description of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) (in the Torah) as follows: We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings, a warner, and a guardian over the unlettered people. You are My servant and My messenger, whom I have named Al-Mutawakkil (the one who relies on Allah), who is neither ill-tempered nor hard-hearted, nor one who raises his voice in the markets, nor one who repays evil with evil, but rather he forgives and overlooks. And I will not take his soul until he straightens a crooked nation through «لا اله الا الله»'s testimony, and through him blind eyes are opened, deaf ears are made to hear, and the veils over covered hearts are lifted.
Ata bin Yasar said: Abu Waqid Al-Laythi informed me that he heard Ka'b Al-Ahbar say the same as Abdullah bin Salam had stated.
Hadith 7
أَخْبَرَنَا
زَيْدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا
أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنْ
عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ
ذَكْوَانَ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنْ
كَعْبٍ:
"فِي السَّطْرِ الْأَوَّلِ: مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، عَبْدِي الْمُخْتَارُ، لَا فَظٌّ، وَلَا غَلِيظٌ، وَلَا صَخَّابٌ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ، وَلَا يَجْزِي بِالسَّيِّئَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ، وَلَكِنْ يَعْفُو وَيَغْفِرُ، مَوْلِدُهُ بِمَكَّةَ، وَهِجْرَتُهُ بِطَيْبَةَ، وَمُلْكُهُ بِالشَّامِ، وَفِي السَّطْرِ الثَّانِي: مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أُمَّتُهُ الْحَمَّادُونَ يَحْمَدُونَ اللَّهَ فِي السَّرَّاءِ وَالضَّرَّاءِ، يَحْمَدُونَ اللَّهَ فِي كُلِّ مَنْزِلَةٍ، وَيُكَبِّرُونَه عَلَى كُلِّ شَرَفٍ، رُعَاةُ الشَّمْسِ يُصَلُّونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِذَا جَاءَ وَقْتُهَا وَلَوْ كَانُوا عَلَى رَأْسِ كُنَاسَةٍ، وَيَأْتَزِرُونَ عَلَى أَوْسَاطِهِمْ، وَيُوَضِّئُونَ أَطْرَافَهُمْ، وَأَصْوَاتُهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ فِي جَوِّ السَّمَاءِ كَأَصْوَاتِ النَّحْلِ".
It is narrated from Ka‘b al-Ahbar, in the first line: Muhammad, the Messenger, is My beloved servant (who) is neither ill-tempered nor hard-hearted, nor does he raise his voice in the markets, nor does he repay evil with evil; instead, he forgives and overlooks. His place of birth is Makkah, his place of migration is Madinah Tayyibah, and his rule will extend to Syria.
In the second paragraph he says: Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, his followers are those who praise Allah abundantly, who will praise and glorify Allah in both prosperity and adversity, they praise Allah at every stage and sing the greatness of Allah on every hill (elevated land), they are mindful of the sun, when the time for prayer comes, they perform the prayer even if it is on a heap of rubbish, they will wear lower garments up to mid-calf, they will perform ablution of hands and feet, and the sounds of their night prayers will be like the buzzing of bees within the sky.
Hadith 8
أَخْبَرَنَا
مُجَاهِدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا
مَعْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنَا
مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ
أَبِي فَرْوَةَ، عَنْ
ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ كَعْبَ الْأَحْبَارِ: كَيْفَ تَجِدُ نَعْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ ؟، فَقَالَ
كَعْبٌ:
"نَجِدْهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يُولَدُ بِمَكَّةَ، وَيُهَاجِرُ إِلَى طَابَةَ، وَيَكُونُ مُلْكُهُ بِالشَّامِ، وَلَيْسَ بِفَحَّاشٍ، وَلَا صَخَّابٍ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ، وَلَا يُكَافِئُ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ، وَلَكِنْ يَعْفُو وَيَغْفِرُ، أُمَّتُهُ الْحَمَّادُونَ، يَحْمَدُونَ اللَّهَ فِي كُلِّ سَرَّاءَ، وَضَرَّاءَ وَيُكَبِّرُونَ اللَّهَ عَلَى كُلِّ نَجْدٍ، يُوَضِّئُونَ أَطْرَافَهُمْ، وَيَأْتَزِرُونَ فِي أَوْسَاطِهِمْ، يُصَفُّونَ فِي صَلاتِهِمْ كَمَا يُصَفُّونَ فِي قِتَالِهِمْ، دَوِيُّهُمْ فِي مَسَاجِدِهِمْ كَدَوِيِّ النَّحْلِ، يُسْمَعُ مُنَادِيهِمْ فِي جَوِّ السَّمَاءِ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) asked Ka’b al-Ahbar, “What qualities of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) do you find in the Torah?” So Ka’b said: We find in the Torah: Muhammad bin Abdullah will be born in Makkah, will migrate to Taba (Madinah), his rule will extend to Syria, he will neither be foul-mouthed nor one who makes noise in the markets, he will not repay evil with evil but will forgive and overlook. His followers will be great praisers, who will praise and thank Allah Almighty in every situation, whether in hardship or ease. On every hill and elevation, they will say Allahu Akbar, they will perform ablution of their hands and feet, and will tie an izar (waistcloth) around their waists. In prayer, they will form rows just as they form rows in the battlefield. The humming in their mosques will be like the buzzing of bees, whose call will be heard in the heavens.
Hadith 9
Jubair bin Nufair Hadhrami narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Messengers have come to you who are neither weak nor lazy, so that they may awaken the heedless and veiled hearts, enlighten blind eyes, make deaf ears hear, and straighten crooked peoples and communities, until it is said «لا اله الا الله» that there is no deity except Allah."
Hadith 10
أَخْبَرَنَا
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْحِزَامِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا
إِسْحَاق بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ
عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي قَيْسٍ، عَنْ
عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ
عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهُ إِلَيْهِ حَاجَةٌ، فَمَشَى مَعَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ، قَالَ: فَإِحْدَى رِجْلَيْهِ فِي الْبَيْتِ وَالْأُخْرَى خَارِجَة كَأَنَّهُ يُنَاجِي، فَالْتَفَتَ، فَقَالَ:
"أَتَدْرِي مَنْ كُنْتُ أُكَلِّمُ ؟ إِنَّ هَذَا مَلَكٌ لَمْ أَرَهُ قَطُّ قَبْلَ يَوْمِي هَذَا، اسْتَأْذَنَ رَبَّهُ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَ عَلَيَّ، قَالَ: إِنَّا آتَيْنَاكَ أَوْ أَنْزَلْنَا الْقُرْآنَ فَصْلًا، وَالسَّكِينَةَ صَبْرًا، وَالْفُرْقَانَ وَصْلًا".
It is narrated from ‘Amir that one of the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) needed something from him, so the Prophet (peace be upon him) set out with him. When entering (the house), with one foot inside and one foot still outside, the companion sensed that the Prophet was whispering to someone. The Prophet turned to him and said: “Do you know whom I was whispering to? It was an angel whom I had never seen before today. He sought permission from his Lord to greet me with salam. Allah Almighty said: We have given you the Qur’an, which is a decisive criterion (between truth and falsehood), and we have given you tranquility and patience, and the Furqan to distinguish (right from wrong).”
Hadith 11
أَخْبَرَنَا
مُجَاهِدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا
رَيْحَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا
عَبَّادٌ هُوَ ابْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ
أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ
أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ
عَطِيَّةَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ
رَبِيعَةَ الْجُرَشِيَّ، يَقُولُ: أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: لِتَنَمْ عَيْنُكَ، وَلْتَسْمَعْ أُذُنُكَ، وَلْيَعْقِلْ قَلْبُكَ، قَالَ:
"فَنَامَتْ عَيْنَايَ، وَسَمِعَتْ أُذُنَايَ، وَعَقَلَ قَلْبِي"، قَالَ: فَقِيلَ لِي: سَيِّدٌ بَنَى دَارًا فَصَنَعَ مَأْدُبَةً، وَأَرْسَلَ دَاعِيًا، فَمَنْ أَجَابَ الدَّاعِيَ، دَخَلَ الدَّارَ، وَأَكَلَ مِنْ الْمَأْدُبَةِ، وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ السَّيِّدُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُجِبْ الدَّاعِيَ، لَمْ يَدْخُلْ الدَّارَ، وَلَمْ يَطْعَمْ مِنْ الْمَأْدُبَةِ، وَسَخِطَ عَلَيْهِ السَّيِّدُ، قَالَ: "فَاللَّهُ: السَّيِّدُ، وَمُحَمَّدٌ: الدَّاعِي، وَالدَّارُ: الْإِسْلَامُ، وَالْمَأْدُبَةُ: الْجَنَّةُ".
Atiyyah heard Rabee’ah al-Jurashi saying that a (messenger) came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and said: “Your eyes should sleep, your ears should listen, and your heart should understand.” He (the Prophet) said: “So my eyes slept, my ears listened, and my heart understood.” He (the messenger) said: “It was said to me: A master built a house, spread a banquet, and sent a caller (to invite). Whoever accepted the invitation of the caller entered the house, ate from the banquet, and the master was pleased with him. But whoever did not accept the invitation of the caller neither entered the house nor ate from the banquet, and the master was displeased with him.” In this hadith, the master refers to Allah Almighty, the caller is Muhammad (peace be upon him), the house is Islam, and the banquet is Paradise.
Hadith 12
أَخْبَرَنَا
الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا
أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ
جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ التَّمِيمِيِّ، عَنْ
أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْبَطْحَاءِ، وَمَعَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، فَأَقْعَدَهُ وَخَطَّ عَلَيْهِ خَطًّا، ثُمَّ قَالَ:
"لَا تَبْرَحَنَّ فَإِنَّهُ سَيَنْتَهِي إِلَيْكَ رِجَالٌ فَلَا تُكَلِّمْهُمْ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يُكَلِّمُوكَ"، فَمَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَيْثُ أَرَادَ، ثُمَّ جَعَلُوا يَنْتَهُونَ إِلَى الْخَطِّ لَا يُجَاوِزُونَهُ، ثُمَّ يَصْدُرُونَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ مِنْ آخِرِ اللَّيْلِ، جَاءَ إِلَيَّ فَتَوَسَّدَ فَخِذِي، وَكَانَ إِذَا نَامَ، نَفَخَ فِي النَّوْمِ، نَفْخًا فَبَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَوَسِّدٌ فَخِذِي، رَاقِدٌ، إِذْ أَتَانِي رِجَالٌ كَأَنَّهُمْ الْجِمَالُ عَلَيْهِمْ ثِيَابٌ بِيضٌ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ مَا بِهِمْ مِنْ الْجَمَالِ حَتَّى قَعَدَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهِ، فَقَالُوا بَيْنَهُمْ: مَا رَأَيْنَا عَبْدًا أُوتِيَ مِثْلَ مَا أُوتِيَ هَذَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِنَّ عَيْنَيْهِ لَتَنَامَانِ، وَإِنَّ قَلْبَهُ لَيَقْظَانُ، اضْرِبُوا لَهُ مَثَلًا: سَيِّدٌ بَنَى قَصْرًا ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مَأْدُبَةً فَدَعَا النَّاسَ إِلَى طَعَامِهِ وَشَرَابِهِ، ثُمَّ ارْتَفَعُوا، وَاسْتَيْقَظَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: "أَتَدْرِي مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ ؟"، قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: "هُمْ الْمَلَائِكَةُ"، قَالَ: "وَهَلْ تَدْرِي مَا الْمَثَلُ الَّذِي ضَرَبُوهُ ؟"، قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ: "الرَّحْمَنُ بَنَى الْجَنَّةَ فَدَعَا إِلَيْهَا عِبَادَهُ، فَمَنْ أَجَابَهُ، دَخَلَ جَنَّتَهُ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يُجِبْهُ، عَاقَبَهُ وَعَذَّبَهُ".
It is narrated from Abu Uthman al-Nahdi that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out towards a gravelly land, and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas’ud (may Allah be pleased with him) was with him. He made him sit down and drew a circle around him and said: “Stay within this circle, for many people will come to you. Do not speak to them, nor will they speak to you.” Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went in the direction he intended, and people began to come around the circle, but no one entered within the line, and they kept going towards the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) until, when it was the last part of the night, he (peace and blessings be upon him) returned and placed his head on my thigh as a pillow. And when he (peace and blessings be upon him) slept, he would snore. He was sleeping with his head on my thigh when a few men came, who were very handsome, wearing white clothes. Allah knows best the beauty and elegance they possessed. Then a group of them sat at his (peace and blessings be upon him) head and a group at his feet. Then they began to say among themselves, “We have not seen any servant who has been given what has been given to this Prophet (Muhammad) (peace and blessings be upon him). His eyes sleep but his heart remains awake. His example is like that of a chief who built a palace and spread a dining cloth in it and invited people to eat and drink. Then the people left.” At that moment, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) also woke up and said: “Do you know who these people were?” They replied, “Allah and His Messenger know best.” He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “They were angels.” He said: “And did you understand the example they gave?” I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “(Allah) the Most Merciful made Paradise and invited His servants to it. So whoever accepted His invitation entered His Paradise, and whoever did not accept His invitation, He will punish and torment him.”