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سنن دارمي
Darimi
من كتاب الوصاياFrom the Book of Wills
باب مَنْ لَمْ يُوصِ:Chapter on those who did not make a will
Hadith 3213
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ مِغْوَلٍ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ الْيَامِيِّ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى: أَوْصَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ قَالَ: لَا، قُلْت: فَكَيْفَ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الْوَصِيَّةُ أَوْ: أُمِرُوا بِالْوَصِيَّةِ ؟ فَقَالَ: أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ . وقَالَ هُزَيْلُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَانَ يَتَأَمَّرُ عَلَى وَصِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَدَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَّهُ وَجَدَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَهْدًا، فَخَزَمَ أَنْفَهُ بِخِزَامَةٍ ذلِكَ.
Talhah bin Musarrif al-Yami said: I asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him): Did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) make a will? He replied: No. I asked: Then how did the will become obligatory upon people? Or why were they commanded to make a will? He replied: This is (clear) from the Book of Allah, the Qur'an, probably referring to «إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ . . . . . .» [بقره: 180/2]. Huzail bin Shurahbil said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) could have ruled over the executor of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), but Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) liked to fulfill the covenant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) just as an obedient she-camel submits to the rein.
Brief Explanation
(Explanation of Hadith 3212)
The intention of Huzail rahimahullah is that if the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had made any bequest (wasiyyah), then the one who would have followed it the most would have been Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu. It cannot even be imagined about him that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would have instructed to appoint someone else as caliph, and he himself would have become caliph. If you look into history, you will find that when there was a dispute over the caliphate at Saqifah Banu Sa'idah, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu said: "Select one of the two—either Sayyiduna Umar or Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah radi Allahu anhuma." He did not even mention his own name. The accusation against Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhuma, and the other companions that they usurped the caliphate is a great slander. If the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had indicated or commanded that Sayyiduna Ali radi Allahu anhu should be made caliph, then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu would have been at the forefront in accepting it wholeheartedly and, without any consultation, would have taken the lead in appointing him as caliph.
«(سبحانك هٰذا بهتان عظيم).»
The intention of Huzail rahimahullah is that if the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had made any bequest (wasiyyah), then the one who would have followed it the most would have been Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu. It cannot even be imagined about him that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam would have instructed to appoint someone else as caliph, and he himself would have become caliph. If you look into history, you will find that when there was a dispute over the caliphate at Saqifah Banu Sa'idah, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu said: "Select one of the two—either Sayyiduna Umar or Sayyiduna Abu Ubaydah radi Allahu anhuma." He did not even mention his own name. The accusation against Sayyiduna Abu Bakr, Sayyiduna Umar radi Allahu anhuma, and the other companions that they usurped the caliphate is a great slander. If the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had indicated or commanded that Sayyiduna Ali radi Allahu anhu should be made caliph, then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu would have been at the forefront in accepting it wholeheartedly and, without any consultation, would have taken the lead in appointing him as caliph.
«(سبحانك هٰذا بهتان عظيم).»
