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سنن دارمي
Darimi
من كتاب الجهادFrom the Book of Jihad
باب الْعُذْرِ في التَّخَلُّفِ عَنِ الْجِهَادِ:Chapter: Excuse for Not Participating in Jihad
Hadith 2457
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاق، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ، يَقُولُ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: لا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سورة النساء آية 95، دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَيْدًا فَجَاءَ بِكَتِفٍ فَكَتَبَهَا . وَشَكَا ابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ ضَرَارَتَهُ، فَنَزَلَتْ: لا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ سورة النساء آية 95.
Sayyiduna Bara’ bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that when this noble verse: «﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ ........... الخ﴾» was revealed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him), and he came with a broad shoulder bone and wrote down this verse. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Umm Maktum (may Allah be pleased with him) complained, so the entire verse was revealed. (Ayah: Surah Nisa: 95/4).
Brief Explanation
(Commentary on Hadiths 2455 to 2457)
This verse: «﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾» was revealed in this manner, meaning that those who remain behind from jihad and those who participate in jihad cannot be equal in virtue.
Upon this, Sayyiduna Ibn Umm Maktum radi Allahu anhu said with regret: “Then we will be at a great loss,” because he was blind and could not go out for jihad.
Then this verse was revealed with an exception as follows: «﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ﴾ [النساء : 95]», and thus the lame, the blind, and the disabled were excluded because they are excused.
Imam Nawawi rahimahullah said: This is evidence that jihad is excused for those with valid excuses, but they do not receive the reward of the mujahideen; rather, they will receive the reward for good intention and hope for reward, provided they have a righteous intention, as the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Jihad and the intention for jihad will remain until the Day of Judgment.”
From this, it is also established that jihad is not an individual obligation (fard ‘ayn) but rather a collective obligation (fard kifayah), and it has always been a collective obligation.
In this hadith, there is mention of writing on bone; this is because, in that era, paper was not abundant, so writing was done on bone, leather, and other materials, which would last for many years.
From this verse and hadith, the blind and other excused individuals are exempted, and likewise, in any era, such as in the present time, if the conditions of jihad are not fulfilled, the Muslims of that era will also be considered excused.
This verse: «﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾» was revealed in this manner, meaning that those who remain behind from jihad and those who participate in jihad cannot be equal in virtue.
Upon this, Sayyiduna Ibn Umm Maktum radi Allahu anhu said with regret: “Then we will be at a great loss,” because he was blind and could not go out for jihad.
Then this verse was revealed with an exception as follows: «﴿لَا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ﴾ [النساء : 95]», and thus the lame, the blind, and the disabled were excluded because they are excused.
Imam Nawawi rahimahullah said: This is evidence that jihad is excused for those with valid excuses, but they do not receive the reward of the mujahideen; rather, they will receive the reward for good intention and hope for reward, provided they have a righteous intention, as the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Jihad and the intention for jihad will remain until the Day of Judgment.”
From this, it is also established that jihad is not an individual obligation (fard ‘ayn) but rather a collective obligation (fard kifayah), and it has always been a collective obligation.
In this hadith, there is mention of writing on bone; this is because, in that era, paper was not abundant, so writing was done on bone, leather, and other materials, which would last for many years.
From this verse and hadith, the blind and other excused individuals are exempted, and likewise, in any era, such as in the present time, if the conditions of jihad are not fulfilled, the Muslims of that era will also be considered excused.
