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سنن دارمي
Darimi
من النذور و الايمانFrom the Book of Vows and Oaths
باب مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْراً مِنْهَا:Chapter: If One Swears an Oath and Sees Better Than It
Hadith 2384
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ , سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: . . . . . . . فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ الْحَدِيثِ.
With this chain of narration as well, the aforementioned hadith is narrated.
Brief Explanation
(Commentary on Hadiths 2382 to 2384)
From this hadith, it is understood that striving for or seeking any position is not permissible, and if a position is granted without asking for it or convincing others, then Allah Ta’ala’s help is with that person.
It is also understood from this hadith that if, after taking an oath, something better becomes apparent, then the oath should be broken and its expiation (kaffarah) should be given. Both the statement and action of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) are narrated in this regard.
In the first hadith, the command is to give the expiation after breaking the oath, and in the second hadith, it is mentioned that one should first give the expiation and then perform the good deed.
Imam Abu Hanifah (rahimahullah) said that expiation is not to be given before breaking the oath, but this hadith is contrary to his view. Although in Sahih Bukhari it is mentioned to perform the act first and then give the expiation, the chain of narration supports the narration of Imam Darimi (rahimahullah). Therefore, it is permissible to give the expiation either before or after (breaking the oath).
And Allah knows best.
The expiation for an oath is that which is mentioned in the Noble Qur’an: «﴿فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ﴾ [المائده : 89]» feeding ten needy people, or providing them with clothing, or freeing a slave; if this is not possible, then fasting for three days.
From this hadith, it is understood that striving for or seeking any position is not permissible, and if a position is granted without asking for it or convincing others, then Allah Ta’ala’s help is with that person.
It is also understood from this hadith that if, after taking an oath, something better becomes apparent, then the oath should be broken and its expiation (kaffarah) should be given. Both the statement and action of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) are narrated in this regard.
In the first hadith, the command is to give the expiation after breaking the oath, and in the second hadith, it is mentioned that one should first give the expiation and then perform the good deed.
Imam Abu Hanifah (rahimahullah) said that expiation is not to be given before breaking the oath, but this hadith is contrary to his view. Although in Sahih Bukhari it is mentioned to perform the act first and then give the expiation, the chain of narration supports the narration of Imam Darimi (rahimahullah). Therefore, it is permissible to give the expiation either before or after (breaking the oath).
And Allah knows best.
The expiation for an oath is that which is mentioned in the Noble Qur’an: «﴿فَكَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ﴾ [المائده : 89]» feeding ten needy people, or providing them with clothing, or freeing a slave; if this is not possible, then fasting for three days.
