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سنن دارمي
Darimi
من النذور و الايمانFrom the Book of Vows and Oaths
باب الاِسْتِثْنَاءِ في الْيَمِينِ:Chapter: Exception in Oaths
Hadith 2380
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا حَجَّاجٌ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , قَالَ: "مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ: إِنْ شَاءَ فَعَلَ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَفْعَلْ".
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever swears an oath about something and also says 'In sha Allah' (if Allah wills), then he has the choice: if he wishes, he may fulfill the oath, and if he wishes, he may not fulfill it (i.e., he may break the oath)."
Brief Explanation
(Explanation of Hadiths 2378 to 2380)
According to this hadith, if the one swearing an oath says "in sha Allah" (if Allah wills) along with it, then there will be no expiation (kaffarah) upon breaking such an oath. This is because when an oath is conditioned upon the will of Allah, the oath does not become binding by consensus. Therefore, since it was never binding, the question of expiation upon breaking it does not arise.
It is mentioned in the noble hadith that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said three times: "By Allah! I will wage jihad against the Quraysh." Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not wage jihad, even though the oath required that he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam certainly wage jihad. However, because he had said "in sha Allah," he did not wage jihad, nor did he give expiation. If one wishes to avoid expiation, one should say "in sha Allah" at the time of swearing the oath.
Some scholars have said that if "in sha Allah" is said after some delay, then it will not be considered valid, and expiation will have to be given upon breaking the oath.
According to this hadith, if the one swearing an oath says "in sha Allah" (if Allah wills) along with it, then there will be no expiation (kaffarah) upon breaking such an oath. This is because when an oath is conditioned upon the will of Allah, the oath does not become binding by consensus. Therefore, since it was never binding, the question of expiation upon breaking it does not arise.
It is mentioned in the noble hadith that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said three times: "By Allah! I will wage jihad against the Quraysh." Then he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did not wage jihad, even though the oath required that he sallallahu alayhi wa sallam certainly wage jihad. However, because he had said "in sha Allah," he did not wage jihad, nor did he give expiation. If one wishes to avoid expiation, one should say "in sha Allah" at the time of swearing the oath.
Some scholars have said that if "in sha Allah" is said after some delay, then it will not be considered valid, and expiation will have to be given upon breaking the oath.
