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سنن دارمي
Darimi
من كتاب النكاحFrom the Book of Marriage
باب فَضْلِ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ أَمَةً ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا:Chapter: The Virtue of Freeing and Marrying a Slave Woman
Hadith 2281
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ حَيٍّ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الشَّعْبِيِّ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَمْرٍو، إِنَّ مَنْ قِبَلَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ يَقُولُونَ فِي الرَّجُلِ: إِذَا أَعْتَقَ أَمَتَهُ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا، فَهُوَ كَالرَّاكِبِ بَدَنَتَهُ؟ فَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بُرْدَةَ بْنُ أَبِي مُوسَى، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: "ثَلَاثَةٌ يُؤْتَوْنَ أَجْرَهُمْ مَرَّتَيْنِ: رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ آمَنَ بِنَبِيِّهِ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَآمَنَ بِهِ وَاتَّبَعَهُ، وَعَبْدٌ مَمْلُوكٌ أَدَّى حَقَّ اللَّهِ وَحَقَّ مَوَالِيهِ، فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ، وَرَجُلٌ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةٌ فَغَذَّاهَا، فَأَحْسَنَ غِذَاءَهَا، وَأَدَّبَهَا فَأَحْسَنَ تَأْدِيبَهَا فَأَعْتَقَهَا وَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ" . ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلرَّجُلِ: خُذْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ، فَقَدْ كَانَ يُرْحَلُ فِيمَا دُونَ هَذَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ: أَفَادُونِي بِالْبَصْرَةِ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهُ.
Salih bin Salih bin Hiyy Hamdani said: I was with Imam Sha’bi, may Allah have mercy on him, when a man from Khurasan came to him and said: “O Abu ‘Amr! Among us in Khurasan, people say that a man who frees his slave woman and then marries her is like a man riding on his camel.” Imam Sha’bi, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Abu Burdah bin Abu Musa narrated to me that his father said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There are three people who will be given a double reward. First, a person from the People of the Book who believed in his Prophet, then he found the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, and believed in him and followed him. Second, a slave who fulfilled the rights of Allah and the rights of his masters; for him is a double reward. Third, a man who has a slave woman, gives her the best food, teaches her the best manners, then frees her and marries her; for him also is a double reward.” Then Imam Sha’bi, may Allah have mercy on him, said to Salih: Memorize this hadith which we have narrated to you free of charge, otherwise people used to travel to Madinah to hear such a hadith. Hushaym said: When I heard about this hadith in Basrah, I went to them and asked about this hadith.
Brief Explanation
(Commentary on Hadith 2280)
Imam ‘Amir al-Sha‘bi rahimahullah was in Kufa, and the journey from Kufa to Madinah was two months long. This means that, in order to hear a single hadith, the predecessors would undertake journeys of two months each way. May Allah elevate their ranks; if they had not made such efforts, how would the religion have reached us?
In this hadith, the point of evidence (mahal al-shahid) is the person who gives his slave-girl (bondwoman) good education and upbringing, provides her with good food and clothing, then sets her free and himself marries her. Such a righteous and pious person receives a double reward: one reward for the education, and the other for setting her free. From this, the virtue of raising and educating the girls under one’s guardianship is also understood, as has been mentioned previously.
The position of the Ahl al-Hadith is that it is permissible to set a slave-girl free and to make her freedom her dowry (mahr), but Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah has denied this.
And the hadith of Umm al-Mu’minin Sayyidah Safiyyah radi Allahu anha in this regard is absolutely clear.
The second person who will have a double reward is the Jew or Christian who believed in his own prophet, then became Muslim and followed the Seal of the Messengers (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
And the third is the servant or slave who serves his master and does not fall short in the worship of Allah; for him too is a double reward.
Imam ‘Amir al-Sha‘bi rahimahullah was in Kufa, and the journey from Kufa to Madinah was two months long. This means that, in order to hear a single hadith, the predecessors would undertake journeys of two months each way. May Allah elevate their ranks; if they had not made such efforts, how would the religion have reached us?
In this hadith, the point of evidence (mahal al-shahid) is the person who gives his slave-girl (bondwoman) good education and upbringing, provides her with good food and clothing, then sets her free and himself marries her. Such a righteous and pious person receives a double reward: one reward for the education, and the other for setting her free. From this, the virtue of raising and educating the girls under one’s guardianship is also understood, as has been mentioned previously.
The position of the Ahl al-Hadith is that it is permissible to set a slave-girl free and to make her freedom her dowry (mahr), but Imam Abu Hanifah rahimahullah has denied this.
And the hadith of Umm al-Mu’minin Sayyidah Safiyyah radi Allahu anha in this regard is absolutely clear.
The second person who will have a double reward is the Jew or Christian who believed in his own prophet, then became Muslim and followed the Seal of the Messengers (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
And the third is the servant or slave who serves his master and does not fall short in the worship of Allah; for him too is a double reward.
