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سنن دارمي
Darimi
مقدمهIntroduction
باب الْفُتْيَا وَمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الشِّدَّةِ:Chapter: The Seriousness of Giving Religious Verdicts
Hadith 163
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الصَّلْتِ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بُرْقَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مَيْمُونُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، إِذَا وَرَدَ عَلَيْهِ الْخَصْمُ نَظَرَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، فَإِنْ وَجَدَ فِيهِ مَا يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ، قَضَى بِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْكِتَابِ، وَعَلِمَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْأَمْرِ سُنَّةً، قَضَى بِهِ، فَإِنْ أَعْيَاهُ، خَرَجَ فَسَأَلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالَ: أَتَانِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَهَلْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى فِي ذَلِكَ بِقَضَاءٍ ؟ فَرُبَّمَا اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ النَّفَرُ كُلُّهُمْ يَذْكُرُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ قَضَاءً، فَيَقُولُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: "الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِينَا مَنْ يَحْفَظُ عَلَى نَبِيِّنَا صَلَّي اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَإِنْ أَعْيَاهُ أَنْ يَجِدَ فِيهِ سُنَّةً مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، جَمَعَ رُؤُوسَ النَّاسِ وَخِيَارَهُمْ فَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى أَمْرٍ، قَضَى بِهِ".
It is narrated from Maymun bin Mehran that when any dispute came to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), he would refer to the Holy Qur'an, and if he found its solution therein, he would decide accordingly. If he did not find the matter in the Book of Allah and had any knowledge from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding that matter, he would decide according to that. And if he did not remember anything himself, he would go out and say to the other Companions: "Such and such a matter has come to me; do any of you have any knowledge from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this matter?" Sometimes, some people would unanimously inform him of the decision of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in this regard. Upon this, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) would say: "Thanks be to the One who has created among us such people who remember the sayings of their Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." And if they too did not find any Sunnah of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), then he would gather selected noble persons and consult them, and whatever they all agreed upon, he would issue the decision accordingly.
Brief Explanation
(Commentary on Hadith 162)
Although there is a break (inqita‘) in the chain of this narration, this was indeed the method of the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum): whenever any issue arose, they would first refer to the Book of Allah, then to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and then sit together and consult with one another. This is what is called consensus (ijma‘), and this is what the Noble Qur’an has taught: «﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللّٰهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا﴾ [النساء : 59]» “O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. Then if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.”
Although there is a break (inqita‘) in the chain of this narration, this was indeed the method of the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum): whenever any issue arose, they would first refer to the Book of Allah, then to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), and then sit together and consult with one another. This is what is called consensus (ijma‘), and this is what the Noble Qur’an has taught: «﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللّٰهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللّٰهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا﴾ [النساء : 59]» “O you who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. Then if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.”
