شمائل ترمذي
Shamail Tirmidhi
باب ما جاء فى تواضع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلمChapter: What has been reported concerning the humility of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
Prophetic routines prove his humility
Hadith 335
حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا جُمَيْعُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْعِجْلِيُّ قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ أَبِي هَالَةَ زَوْجِ خَدِيجَةَ يُكْنَى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنٍ لِأَبِي هَالَةَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ خَالِي هِنْدَ بْنَ أَبِي هَالَةَ، وَكَانَ وَصَّافًا عَنْ حِلْيَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَأَنَا أَشْتَهِي أَنْ يَصِفَ لِي مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَقَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَخْمًا مُفَخَّمًا، يَتَلَأْلَأُ وَجْهُهُ تَلَأْلُؤَ الْقَمَرِ لَيْلَةَ الْبَدْرِ» فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: «فَكَتَّمْتُهَا الْحُسَيْنَ زَمَانًا، ثُمَّ حَدَّثْتُهُ فَوَجَدْتُهُ قَدْ سَبَقَنِي إِلَيْهِ. فَسَأَلَهُ عَمَّا سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهُ وَوَجَدْتُهُ قَدْ سَأَلَ أَبَاهَا عَنْ مَدْخَلِهِ وَمَخْرَجِهِ وَشَكْلِهِ فَلَمْ يَدَعْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا» قَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ: فَسَأَلْتُ أَبِي، عَنْ دُخُولِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: كَانَ " إِذَا أَوَى إِلَى مَنْزلِهِ جَزَّأَ دُخُولَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، جُزْءًا لِلَّهِ، وَجُزْءًا لِأَهْلِهِ، وَجُزْءًا لِنَفْسِهِ، ثُمَّ جَزَّأَ جُزْأَهُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ النَّاسِ، فَيَرُدُّ ذَلِكَ بِالْخَاصَّةِ عَلَى الْعَامَّةِ، وَلَا يَدَّخِرُ عَنْهُمْ شَيْئًا، وَكَانَ مِنْ سِيرَتِهِ فِي جُزْءِ الْأُمَّةِ إِيثَارُ أَهْلِ الْفَضْلِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَقَسْمِهِ عَلَى قَدْرِ فَضْلِهِمْ فِي الدِّينِ، فَمِنْهُمْ ذُو الْحَاجَةِ، وَمِنْهُمْ ذُو الْحَاجَتَيْنِ، وَمِنْهُمْ ذُو الْحَوَائِجِ، فَيَتَشَاغَلُ بِهِمْ وَيَشْغَلُهُمْ فِيمَا يُصْلِحُهُمْ وَالْأُمَّةَ مِنْ مُسَاءَلَتِهِمْ عَنْهُ وَإِخْبَارِهِمْ بِالَّذِي يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ وَيَقُولُ: «لِيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ مِنْكُمُ الْغَائِبَ، وَأَبْلِغُونِي حَاجَةَ مَنْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ إِبْلَاغَهَا، فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ أَبْلَغَ سُلطَانًا حَاجَةَ مَنْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ إِبْلَاغَهَا ثَبَّتَ اللَّهُ قَدمَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» ، لَا يُذْكَرُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَا ذَلِكَ، وَلَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْ أَحَدٍ غَيْرِهِ، يَدْخُلُونَ رُوَّادًا وَلَا يَفْتَرِقُونَ إِلَا عَنْ ذَوَاقٍ، وَيُخْرِجُونَ أَدِلَّةً يَعْنِي عَلَى الْخَيْرِ " قَالَ: فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَخْرَجِهِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فِيهِ؟ قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَخْرِنُ لِسَانُهُ إِلَا فِيمَا يَعْنِيهِ، وَيُؤَلِّفُهُمْ وَلَا يُنَفِّرُهُمْ، وَيُكْرِمُ كَرَيمَ كُلِّ قَوْمٍ وَيُوَلِّيهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَيُحَذِّرُ النَّاسَ وَيَحْتَرِسُ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَطْوِيَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ بِشْرَهُ وَخُلُقَهُ، وَيَتَفَقَّدُ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَيَسْأَلُ النَّاسَ عَمَّا فِي النَّاسِ، وَيُحَسِّنُ الْحَسَنَ وَيُقَوِّيهِ، وَيُقَبِّحُ الْقَبِيحَ وَيُوَهِّيهِ، مُعْتَدِلُ الْأَمْرِ غَيْرُ مُخْتَلِفٍ، لَا يَغْفُلُ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَغْفُلُوا أَوْ يَمِيلُوا، لِكُلِّ حَالٍ عِنْدَهُ عَتَادٌ، لَا يُقَصِّرُ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَلَا يُجَاوِزُهُ. الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ مِنَ النَّاسِ خِيَارُهُمْ، أَفْضَلُهُمْ عِنْدَهُ أَعَمُّهُمْ نَصِيحَةً، وَأَعْظَمُهُمْ عِنْدَهُ مَنْزِلَةً أَحْسَنُهُمْ مُوَاسَاةً وَمُؤَازَرَةً» قَالَ: فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَجْلِسِهِ، فَقَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَقُومُ وَلَا يَجَلِسُ إِلَا عَلَى ذِكْرٍ، وَإِذَا انْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْمٍ جَلَسَ حَيْثُ يَنْتَهِي بِهِ الْمَجْلِسُ وَيَأْمُرُ بِذَلِكَ، يُعْطِي كُلَّ جُلَسَائِهِ بِنَصِيبِهِ، لَا يَحْسَبُ جَلِيسُهُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا أَكْرَمُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُ، مَنْ جَالَسَهُ أَوْ فَاوَضَهُ فِي حَاجَةٍ صَابَرَهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ هُوَ الْمُنْصَرِفُ عَنْهُ، وَمَنْ سَأَلَهُ حَاجَةً لَمْ يَرُدَّهُ إِلَا بِهَا أَوْ بِمَيْسُورٍ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ، قَدْ وَسِعَ النَّاسَ بَسْطُهُ وَخُلُقُهُ، فَصَارَ لَهُمْ أَبًا وَصَارُوا عِنْدَهُ فِي الْحَقِّ سَوَاءً، مَجْلِسُهُ مَجْلِسُ عِلْمٍ وَحِلْمٍ وَحَيَاءٍ وَأَمَانَةٍ وَصَبْرٍ، لَا تُرْفَعُ فِيهِ الْأَصْوَاتُ وَلَا تُؤْبَنُ فِيهِ الْحُرَمُ، وَلَا تُثَنَّى فَلَتَاتُهُ مُتَعَادِلِينَ، بَلْ كَانُوا يَتَفَاضَلُونَ فِيهِ بِالتَّقْوَى، مُتَوَاضِعِينَ يُوقِّرُونَ فِيهِ الْكَبِيرَ وَيَرْحَمُونَ فِيهِ الصَّغِيرَ، وَيُؤْثِرُونَ ذَا الْحَاجَةِ وَيَحْفَظُونَ الْغَرِيبَ»
Sayyiduna Hasan bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I asked my maternal uncle Hind bin Abi Hala (about the blessed appearance of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him), because he would often describe the blessed appearance of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and I also wished that he would describe some of it for me. He said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was majestic in himself and also held in great esteem in the eyes of others. His radiant face shone like the full moon on the fourteenth night. Then he narrated a lengthy hadith which has already passed in the first chapter of this book. Sayyiduna Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him) says: For a long time, I kept this hadith hidden from my brother Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) and did not narrate it to him. Then, when I narrated this hadith to him, I realized that he had already surpassed me in knowing it and had already inquired about it. I also realized that he had already asked his father, Hazrat Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), about the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) coming and going at home and other manners, and nothing in this regard remained hidden from him.
Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I asked my noble father (Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him) about the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) entering his blessed home, so he said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would enter his home, he would divide his time into three parts: one part for Allah (for remembrance and reflection), one part for his family, and one part for his personal work and rest. Then, the part he would allocate for himself, he would further divide into two: some for himself and some for other people. In the portion for the people, he would give preference to the elite over the commoners, and he would not keep anything hidden from them. Then, it was the blessed habit of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that, with permission, he would give preference to people of virtue and knowledge, and he would also divide that time according to religious merit and greatness. Some people had one need, some had two needs, and some had more needs. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would keep himself engaged with these people and remain occupied in all those matters which would bring about their reform and the reform of the general people of the Ummah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would give them such information as was necessary for them, and he would command: “Those of you who are present here, convey my words to those who are not present, and convey to me the needs of those who cannot reach me, for indeed, whoever conveys the need of a person who cannot reach an authority or ruler, Allah the Exalted will keep him firm on the Day of Resurrection.” Such were the matters discussed in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he would not accept anything other than such matters. People would come to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as seekers and would leave satisfied, and they would depart as callers to goodness.
Sayyiduna Husayn bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I asked about the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) leaving his house, so he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (even outside his home) would keep his blessed tongue safe from idle talk and would only speak purposefully. He would unite people and not cause division among them. He would make them feel comfortable with him, honor the dignitaries and leaders of the community, appoint them as leaders over their affairs, and warn them of Allah’s punishment. He would inquire about the happenings among the people, praise every good thing and strengthen it, and condemn every bad thing and remove it. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would adopt moderation in every matter, was not hasty, and was never neglectful of the reform of his companions, lest they become heedless of religious matters or incline elsewhere. With the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), every matter was attended to with proper care and arrangement. He would neither fall short in speaking the truth nor exceed its limits. The closest people to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) were the best among people. In his view, the most virtuous was the one who sincerely wished well for everyone in giving advice. The one with the highest status in his sight was the one who took the greatest share in consoling and helping the creation.
Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Then I asked about the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) gatherings, so he said: The sitting and rising of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was always upon the remembrance of Allah. When he entered a gathering, he would sit wherever he found a place and would instruct others to do the same. He would give each attendee their due share. No companion in the gathering would think that anyone was more honored by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) than himself (rather, all friends were given equal honor). Whoever sat with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) or presented a need, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would remain seated with him until he himself departed. If anyone asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for a need, he would fulfill it, or else respond gently. The Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) smiling face and noble character encompassed everyone. He was like a father to all people, and in terms of rights, all people were equal in his blessed sight. The company of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was a collection of knowledge and forbearance, modesty and patience, and trustworthiness. No one would raise their voice in the gathering, nor would anyone be disrespected. No one’s slip or weakness was made public. All people were considered equal among themselves, except that in the pure gathering, superiority and status were based on piety. The participants in the gathering would treat each other with humility and modesty. The elders were honored, and the young were shown compassion. The companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would give preference to those in need and would look after and protect travelers and strangers.
Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I asked my noble father (Sayyiduna Ali, may Allah be pleased with him) about the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) entering his blessed home, so he said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would enter his home, he would divide his time into three parts: one part for Allah (for remembrance and reflection), one part for his family, and one part for his personal work and rest. Then, the part he would allocate for himself, he would further divide into two: some for himself and some for other people. In the portion for the people, he would give preference to the elite over the commoners, and he would not keep anything hidden from them. Then, it was the blessed habit of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that, with permission, he would give preference to people of virtue and knowledge, and he would also divide that time according to religious merit and greatness. Some people had one need, some had two needs, and some had more needs. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would keep himself engaged with these people and remain occupied in all those matters which would bring about their reform and the reform of the general people of the Ummah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would give them such information as was necessary for them, and he would command: “Those of you who are present here, convey my words to those who are not present, and convey to me the needs of those who cannot reach me, for indeed, whoever conveys the need of a person who cannot reach an authority or ruler, Allah the Exalted will keep him firm on the Day of Resurrection.” Such were the matters discussed in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he would not accept anything other than such matters. People would come to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) as seekers and would leave satisfied, and they would depart as callers to goodness.
Sayyiduna Husayn bin Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I asked about the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) leaving his house, so he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) (even outside his home) would keep his blessed tongue safe from idle talk and would only speak purposefully. He would unite people and not cause division among them. He would make them feel comfortable with him, honor the dignitaries and leaders of the community, appoint them as leaders over their affairs, and warn them of Allah’s punishment. He would inquire about the happenings among the people, praise every good thing and strengthen it, and condemn every bad thing and remove it. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would adopt moderation in every matter, was not hasty, and was never neglectful of the reform of his companions, lest they become heedless of religious matters or incline elsewhere. With the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), every matter was attended to with proper care and arrangement. He would neither fall short in speaking the truth nor exceed its limits. The closest people to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) were the best among people. In his view, the most virtuous was the one who sincerely wished well for everyone in giving advice. The one with the highest status in his sight was the one who took the greatest share in consoling and helping the creation.
Sayyiduna Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Then I asked about the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) gatherings, so he said: The sitting and rising of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was always upon the remembrance of Allah. When he entered a gathering, he would sit wherever he found a place and would instruct others to do the same. He would give each attendee their due share. No companion in the gathering would think that anyone was more honored by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) than himself (rather, all friends were given equal honor). Whoever sat with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) or presented a need, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would remain seated with him until he himself departed. If anyone asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for a need, he would fulfill it, or else respond gently. The Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) smiling face and noble character encompassed everyone. He was like a father to all people, and in terms of rights, all people were equal in his blessed sight. The company of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was a collection of knowledge and forbearance, modesty and patience, and trustworthiness. No one would raise their voice in the gathering, nor would anyone be disrespected. No one’s slip or weakness was made public. All people were considered equal among themselves, except that in the pure gathering, superiority and status were based on piety. The participants in the gathering would treat each other with humility and modesty. The elders were honored, and the young were shown compassion. The companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would give preference to those in need and would look after and protect travelers and strangers.
