صحيح ابن خزيمه
Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah
جماع أبواب قسم الصدقات وذكر أهل سهمانهاChapters on Distribution of Zakat and its Recipients
(78) بَابُ إِعْطَاءِ الْفُقَرَاءِ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ اتْبَاعًا لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ فِي قَوْلِهِ: [إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ]. [التَّوْبَةِ: 60]
78| Chapter on giving zakat to the poor, following Allah’s command in “Charity is for the poor…”
Hadith 2358
حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيَّ ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ . ح وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ تَمَامٍ الْمِصْرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّصْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ، قَالا : حَدَّثَنَا اللَّيْثُ ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ الْكِنَانِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ، يَقُولُ : بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جُلُوسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ إِذْ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَمَلٍ فَأَنَاخَهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ، ثُمَّ عَقَلَهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَيُّكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ ؟ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَّكِئٌ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ ، قَالَ : فَقُلْنَا لَهُ : هَذَا الأَبْيَضُ ، الرَّجُلُ الْمُتَّكِئُ ، فَقَالَ : " يَا ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " قَدْ أَجَبْتُكَ " ، قَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ : إِنِّي سَائِلُكَ ، فَمُشَدِّدٌ مَسْأَلَتَكَ ، فَلا تَأْخُذَنَّ فِي نَفْسِكَ عَلَيَّ ، قَالَ : " سَلْ عَمَّا بَدَا لَكَ " ، قَالَ : أَنْشُدُكَ بِرَبِّكَ وَرَبِّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ ، آللَّهُ أَرْسَلَكَ إِلَى النَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ " ، قَالَ : أَنْشُدُ اللَّهَ ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ ؟ قَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ " ، قَالَ : فَأَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِنَا فَتَقْسِمُهَا عَلَى فُقَرَائِنَا ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ، قَالَ الرَّجُلُ : قَدْ آمَنْتُ بِمَا جِئْتَ بِهِ ، وَأَنَا رَسُولُ مَنْ وَرَائِي مِنْ قَوْمِي ، وَأَنَا ضِمَامُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ ، أَخُو سَعْدِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ ، أَلْفَاظُهُمْ قَرِيبَةٌ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ ، وَهَذَا حَدِيثُ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : فِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ دَلالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الصَّدَقَةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ دَفْعَهَا إِلَى غَيْرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا فُقَرَاءَ أَوْ مَسَاكِينَ ، لأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَعْلَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ أَغْنِيَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَيَقْسِمُهَا عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ لا عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ غَيْرِهِمْ
Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that while we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the Prophet’s Mosque, a man entered the mosque riding a camel. He made the camel sit in the mosque, then tied its knee with a rope, and then asked, “Who among you is Muhammad?” At that time, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was sitting among the companions, reclining. So we told him, “Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is this man of reddish-white complexion who is reclining.” He said, “O son of Abdul Muttalib,” so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “(Say what you wish to say) I am listening to you.” That man said, “Indeed, I will ask you a few questions, and there will be some harshness in my questioning, but please do not mind.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Ask whatever you wish to ask.” He said, “I ask you by your Lord and the Lord of all those before you, has Allah sent you as the Messenger to all people?” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Yes.” He asked, “I ask you by Allah, has Allah commanded you to establish five prayers in the day and night?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied, “Yes.” He then said, “I ask you by Allah, has Allah commanded you to take zakat from our wealthy and distribute it among our poor?” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Yes.” So that man said, “I believe in the religion you have brought, and I am the envoy of my people behind me, and my name is Dhamam bin Tha’labah. I am from the family of Sa’d bin Hakam.” This narration is from Wahb. The wording of all the narrators is nearly the same. Imam Abu Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) says that in this hadith is evidence for the issue that it is not permissible to give zakat wealth to disbelievers, even if they are poor and needy. Because the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has stated that Allah has commanded to take zakat from the wealthy Muslims and distribute it among the poor Muslims only. There is no command to give it to poor disbelievers.
