صحيح ابن خزيمه
Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah
جماع أبواب صدقة الحبوب والثمارChapters on Zakat of Grains and Fruits
(58) بَابُ الرُّخْصَةِ فِي تَقْدِيمِ الصَّدَقَةِ قَبْلَ حُلُولِ الْحَوْلِ عَلَى الْمَالِ، وَالْفَرْقِ بَيْنَ الْفَرْضِ الَّذِي يَجِبُ فِي الْمَالِ وَبَيْنَ الْفَرْضِ الْوَاجِبِ عَلَى الْبُدْنِ
58| Chapter on the concession to pay zakat before the year is complete, and the difference between zakat due on wealth and that due on the person
Hadith 2329
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ هُرْمُزَ الأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : " أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَدَقَةٍ ، فَقَالَ بَعْضٌ مِمَّنْ يَلْمِزُ : مَنَعَ ابْنَ جَمِيلٍ ، وَخَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ ، وَالْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقُوا "
Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) ordered the giving of Zakat, so some fault-finders began to say that Ibn Jameel, Khalid bin Walid, and Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with them) have refused to give Zakat.
Hadith 2330
حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ ، حَدَّثَنَا وَرْقَاءُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ: " بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سَاعِيًا عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ " ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ الْحِمْصِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ : " أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَدَقَةٍ ، فَقِيلَ: مَنَعَ ابْنَ جَمِيلٍ ، وَخَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ ، وَالْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مَا يَنْقِمُ ابْنُ جَمِيلٍ ، إِلا أَنَّهُ كَانَ فَقِيرًا أَغْنَاهُ اللَّهُ ، وَأَمَّا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ فَإِنَّكُمْ تَظْلِمُونَ خَالِدًا ، قَدِ احْتَبَسَ أَدْرَاعَهُ وَأَعْبُدَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، أَمَّا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَمُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: قَالَ فِي خَبَرِ وَرْقَاءَ: وَأَمَّا الْعَبَّاسُ عَمُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَهِيَ عَلَيَّ ، وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا ، وَقَالَ فِي خَبَرِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ: أَمَّا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَهِيَ لَهُ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا ، وَقَالَ فِي خَبَرِ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ: أَمَّا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَمُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا ، فَخَبَرُ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ: فَهِيَ لَهُ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَرَادَ مَا قَالَ وَرْقَاءُ أَيْ فَهِيَ لَهُ عَلَيَّ ، فَأَمَّا اللَّفْظَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ ، فَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ فَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْنَاهَا فَهِيَ لَهُ عَلَيَّ مَا بَيَّنْتُ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ مِنْ كُتُبِنَا أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ تَقُولُ: عَلَيْهِ يَعْنِي لَهُ ، وَلَهُ يَعْنِي عَلَيْهِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ جَلَّ وَعَلا: أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ سورة الرعد آية 25 ، فَمَعْنَى لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ: أَيْ عَلَيْهِمُ اللَّعْنَةُ ، وَمُحَالٌ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ صَدَقَةً قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي مَالِهِ ، وَبَعْدَهُ تَرَكَ صَدَقَةً أُخْرَى إِذَا وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ مِنْ صَلِيبَةِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ مِمَّنْ حُرِّمَ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةُ غَيْرِهِ أَيْضًا فَكَيْفَ صَدَقَةُ نَفْسِهِ ، وَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَدْ أَخْبَرَ أَنَّ الْمُمْتَنِعَ مِنْ أَدَاءِ صَدَقَتِهِ فِي الْعُسْرِ وَالْيُسْرِ يُعَذَّبُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِي يَوْمٍ مِقْدَارُهُ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ بِأَلْوَانِ عَذَابٍ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي مَوْضِعِهَا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ ، فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ أَنْ يَتَأَوَّلَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَ لِعَمِّهِ صِنْوِ أَبِيهِ صَدَقَةً قَدْ وَجَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ لأَهْلِ سُهْمَانِ الصَّدَقَةِ أَوْ يُبِيحُ لَهُ تَرْكَ أَدَائِهَا وَإِيصَالِهَا إِلَى مُسْتَحِقِّيهَا هَذَا مَا لا يَتَوَهَّمُهُ عِنْدِي عَالِمٌ ، وَالصَّحِيحُ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةِ قَوْلُهُ: فَهِيَ لَهُ ، وَقَوْلُهُ فَهِيَ عَلَيَّ ، وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا أَيْ إِنِّي قَدِ اسْتَعْجَلْتُ مِنْهُ صَدَقَةَ عَامَيْنِ ، فَهَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ الَّتِي أُمِرْتُ بِقَبْضِهَا مِنَ النَّاسِ هِيَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ عَلَيَّ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا أَيْ صَدَقَةٌ ثَانِيَةٌ عَلَى مَا رَوَى الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْقَلْبِ مِنْهُ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ حُجَيَّةَ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، " أَنَّ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي تَعْجِيلِ صَدَقَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِلَّ ، فَرَخَّصَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ " ،
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) to collect zakat. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the payment of zakat, it was said to him that Ibn Jameel, Khalid bin Walid, and Sayyiduna Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with them) had not paid zakat. Upon this, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Ibn Jameel dislikes (paying zakat) only because he was poor and Allah Almighty made him rich, and you are wronging Khalid bin Walid (by demanding zakat from him), whereas he has dedicated his armors and slaves in the way of Allah. As for Sayyiduna Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him), he is the uncle of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Imam Abu Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) says that in the narration of Waraqah, it is mentioned: As for Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), who is the uncle of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), his zakat is double upon me. And in the narration of Musa bin Uqbah, it is mentioned: As for Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him), his zakat is for him, and the like of it in addition. In the narration of Shu'ayb bin Abi Hamzah, it is mentioned: As for Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, the uncle of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), his zakat is charity upon him, and with it, an equal amount is also charity. Thus, the narration of Musa bin Uqbah, that his zakat is for him and the like of it in addition, it is possible that its meaning is the same as in the narration of Waraqah, that his zakat is upon me. Whereas the narration of Shu'ayb bin Abi Hamzah, that his zakat is charity upon him, its meaning can also be that his zakat is upon me. As I have mentioned in several places in my books, the Arabs say "عَلَيْهِ" (it is upon him), meaning "لَهُ" (it is for him), and the Arabs say: "وَلَهُ" (it is for him), meaning "عَلَيْهِ" (it is upon him) (i.e., "عَلٰی" and "لَهُ" are used interchangeably in meaning), as in the statement of Allah Almighty « أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ » [ سورة الرعد : 25 ] its meaning is that the curse is upon them ("لَهُمُ" means "عَلَيْهِمْ"). It is impossible that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would exempt Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) from the zakat due on his wealth and then not collect the obligatory zakat from him again. Whereas Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) belongs to Banu Hashim, upon whom the zakat of others is forbidden, so how can it be lawful for them to use their own zakat? While the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has already stated that a person who does not pay zakat in hardship or ease will face various punishments on the Day of Resurrection, a day of fifty thousand years. We have already mentioned this in this very book. Therefore, how is it possible regarding the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he would exempt his uncle, who is like a father, from the zakat due upon him, even though it is the share of the rightful recipients of zakat, or how would he declare it lawful for him not to pay zakat? In my opinion, no scholar can even imagine this. Therefore, the correct wording of the narration would be that "the zakat is for him" or "the meaning of his zakat being double upon me" is that I had collected two years' advance zakat from Abbas, so now the zakat that has been made obligatory on people's wealth is the zakat of Abbas upon me, and the second time also upon me. As in the narration of Hajjaj bin Dinar, although I have some hesitation in his narration. He narrates from Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) that Sayyiduna Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him) sought permission from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to pay zakat in advance, so he granted him permission.
Hadith 2331
حَدَّثَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ الْمِصْرِيُّ ، قَالا: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الأَسَدِيُّ ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، غَيْرَ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، لَمْ يَقُلْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحِلَّ .
The Imam has narrated the previous hadith with another chain of transmission, but in this, Ali bin Abdur Rahman did not mention these words: "Permission was given to perform it before its time."
