Hadith 2083
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ , حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ , حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّحْوِيُّ , عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ أَبِي الشَّعْثَاءِ , عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَوْرٍ , عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ , قَالَ : " كُنَّا نَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ , وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَحُثُّنَا عَلَيْهِ , وَيَتَعَهَّدُنَا عَلَيْهِ , فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ لَمْ يَحُثَّنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يَتَعَهَّدْنَا عَلَيْهِ , وَكُنَّا نَفْعَلُهُ " . قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : خَبَرُ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ مَبْنِيٌّ بِخَبَرِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ , وَفِيهِ دَلالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ عَاشُورَاءَ بَعْدَ نُزُولِ فَرْضِ رَمَضَانَ كَخَبَرِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَعَائِشَةَ , فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ , وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَصُمْهُ . قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : سَأَلَنِي مُسَدَّدٌ وَهُوَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا , عَنْ مَعْنَى خَبَرِ عَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ , فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مُجِيبًا لَهُ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أَمَرَ أُمَّتَهُ بِأَمْرٍ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً ، لَمْ يَجِبْ أَنْ يَكُونَ الأَمْرُ بِذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ , وَلا فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ ثَانٍ . وَكَانَ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ فِي وَقْتٍ مِنَ الأَوْقَاتِ , فَعَلَى أُمَّتِهِ فِعْلُ ذَلِكَ الشَّيْءِ إِنْ كَانَ الأَمْرُ أَمْرَ فَرْضٍ , فَالْفَرْضُ وَاجِبٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبَدًا حَتَّى يُخْبِرَ فِي وَقْتٍ ثَانٍ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ الْفَرْضَ سَاقِطٌ عَنْهُمْ , وَإِنْ كَانَ الأَمْرُ أَمْرَ نَدْبٍ وَإِرْشَادٍ وَفَضِيلَةٍ ، كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْفِعْلُ فَضِيلَةً أَبَدًا , حَتَّى يَزْجُرَهُمْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ الْفِعْلِ فِي وَقْتٍ ثَانٍ , وَلَيْسَ سَكْتُهُ فِي الْوَقْتِ الثَّانِي بَعْدَ الأَمْرِ بِهِ فِي الْوَقْتِ الأَوَّلِ يُسْقِطُ فَرْضًا إِنْ كَانَ أَمَرَهُمْ فِي الابْتِدَاءِ أَمْرَ فَرْضٍ , وَلا كَانَ سُكُوتُهُ فِي الْوَقْتِ الثَّانِي عَنِ الأَمْرِ بِأَمْرِ الْفَضِيلَةِ مَا يُبْطِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ الْفِعْلُ فِي الْوَقْتِ الثَّانِي فِعْلَ فَضِيلَةٍ ؛ لأَنَّهُ إِذَا أَمَرَ بِالشَّيْءِ مَرَّةً ، كَفَى ذَلِكَ الأَمْرُ إِلَى الأَبَدِ , إِلا أَنْ يَأْمُرَ بِضِدِّهِ . وَالسَّكْتُ لا يَفْسَخُ الأَمْرَ . هَذَا مَعْنَى مَا أَجَبْتُ السَّائِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ , وَلَعَلِّي زِدْتُ فِي الشَّرْحِ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ عَلَى مَا أَجَبْتُ السَّائِلَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ
Sayyiduna Jabir bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) narrates that before the obligation of Ramadan, we used to fast on the day of Ashura, and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would encourage us to fast on this day and would supervise us regarding it. Then, when the fasts of Ramadan were made obligatory, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) no longer encouraged us regarding it nor supervised us about it, and we used to fast on this day. Imam Abu Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the basis of the hadith of Sayyiduna Jabir bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) is the hadith of Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with both of them). In this is evidence that the noble Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) continued to fast on the day of Ashura even after the obligation of Ramadan was revealed, as is found in the narrations of Sayyiduna Ibn Umar and Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with them), that whoever wished would fast on this day and whoever wished would not fast. Imam Abu Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) says that our companion Musaddad asked me about the meaning of the hadith of Sayyiduna Ammar bin Yasir (may Allah be pleased with both of them), so I replied to him saying that when the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave his Ummah a command once, it is not obligatory to give that command every year or at every other time. Whenever the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave a command, it was obligatory upon his Ummah to act upon it; if that command was obligatory, then it would remain obligatory forever until he clarified at another occasion that the obligation had been lifted, and if that command was for recommendation, guidance, or for attaining virtue and reward, then that act would always remain virtuous until he forbade it at another time. And his silence on another occasion, after having given the command previously, is not evidence for the obligation being lifted if it was originally given as an obligatory command, nor is his silence on another occasion evidence for the invalidation of a virtuous act if he had previously given a recommended command. Because when he gives a command about something once, that is always sufficient unless he gives a contrary command. His silence does not abrogate that command. On this issue, I explained this meaning to the questioner, and perhaps at that time I explained the matter in more detail, and gave the questioner a brief answer at that time.
