صحيح ابن خزيمه
Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah
جماع أبواب الفريضة فى السفرChapters on Prayers while Traveling
(388) بَابُ الرُّخْصَةِ فِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاتَيْنِ فِي الْحَضَرِ فِي الْمَطَرِ388 Chapter: Permission to Combine Two Prayers at Home Due to Rain.
Hadith 972
حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، أَنَّ مَالِكًا حَدَّثَهُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ الْمَكِّيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ جَمِيعًا ، وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ جَمِيعًا ، فِي غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ وَلا سَفَرٍ " قَالَ مَالِكٌ : أَرَى ذَلِكَ كَانَ فِي مَطَرٍ . قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : لَمْ يَخْتَلِفِ الْعُلَمَاءُ كُلُّهُمْ أَنَّ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاتَيْنِ فِي الْحَضَرِ فِي غَيْرِ الْمَطَرِ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ ، فَعَلِمْنَا وَاسْتَيْقَنَّا أَنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ لا يُجْمِعُونَ عَلَى خِلافِ خَبَرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَحِيحٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ النَّقْلِ ، لا مُعَارِضَ لَهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ عُلَمَاءُ الْحِجَازِ أَنَّ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاتَيْنِ فِي الْمَطَرِ جَائِزٌ ، فَتَأَوَّلْنَا جَمْعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَضَرِ عَلَى الْمَعْنَى الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّفِقِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى خِلافِهِ ، إِذْ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ أَنْ يَتَّفِقَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى خِلافِ خَبَرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَرْوُوا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَبَرًا خِلافَهُ ، فَأَمَّا مَا رَوَى الْعِرَاقِيُّونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَمَعَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ وَلا مَطَرٍ ، فَهُوَ غَلَطٌ وَسَهْوٌ ، وَخِلافُ قَوْلِ أَهْلِ الصَّلاةِ جَمِيعًا ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ الْخَبَرُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ جَمَعَ فِي الْحَضَرِ فِي غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ وَلا مَطَرٍ لَمْ يَحِلَّ لِمُسْلِمٍ عَلِمَ صِحَّةَ هَذَا الْخَبَرِ أَنْ يَحْظُرَ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاتَيْنِ فِي الْحَضَرِ فِي غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ وَلا مَطَرٍ ، فَمَنْ يَنْقِلُ فِي رَفْعِ هَذَا الْخَبَرِ بِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاتَيْنِ فِي غَيْرِ خَوْفٍ وَلا سَفَرٍ وَلا مَطَرٍ ، ثُمَّ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ الْجَمْعَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاتَيْنِ عَلَى مَا جَمَعَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمَا ، غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ ، فَهَذَا جَهْلٌ وَإِغْفَالٌ غَيْرُ جَائِزٍ لِعَالِمٍ أَنْ يَقُولَهُ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) combined the Zuhr and Asr prayers, and combined the Maghrib and Isha prayers, without any fear or travel. Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) says that in my opinion, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) combined the prayers in this manner due to rain. Imam Abu Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) says that all the scholars are unanimous that it is not permissible to combine two prayers in residence without rain. Therefore, we know and are certain that the scholars cannot unite upon anything contrary to an authentic hadith transmitted from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) with a sound chain, nor can there be any narration opposing it, and the scholars of Hijaz are unanimous that it is permissible to combine two prayers in rain. Therefore, we have interpreted the combining of two prayers by the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in residence in a way that does not contradict the consensus of the Muslims—because it is impossible for the consensus of the Muslims to be contrary to the hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while there is no other hadith from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) opposing it. And the narration which the people of Iraq have reported, that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) combined two prayers in Madinah without fear or rain, is incorrect and mistaken, and is contrary to the statement of all the Muslims. And if it is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he combined two prayers in residence without any fear or rain, then for any Muslim who knows the authenticity of this hadith, it is neither lawful nor permissible for him to declare the combining of two prayers in residence without fear or rain as prohibited. Therefore, whoever narrates this marfu’ hadith that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) combined two prayers without any fear, travel, or rain, and then claims that it is not permissible to combine two prayers according to the method of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), then this is ignorance and heedlessness, and it does not befit any scholar to say such a thing.
