صحيح ابن خزيمه
Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah
كتاب: الصلاةBook of Prayer
(32) بَابُ ذِكْرِ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ الشَّيْءَ قَدْ يُشَبَّهُ بِالشَّيْءِ إِذَا اشْتَبَهَ فِي بَعْضِ الْمَعَانِي لَا فِي جَمِيعِهَا،Chapter 32: Evidence that something may be likened to another if they share some, not all, qualities
Hadith 360
نا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي ، نا حَمَّادٌ ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لا يَزَالُ الْعَبْدُ فِي صَلاةٍ مَا دَامَ فِي مُصَلاهُ يَنْتَظِرُ الصَّلاةَ ، تَقُولُ الْمَلائِكَةُ : اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْهُ ، مَا لَمْ يَنْصَرِفْ أَوْ يُحْدِثْ " ، قَالُوا : مَا يُحْدِثُ ؟ قَالَ : " يَفْسُو أَوْ يَضْرِطُ " . قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : وَهَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةُ : يَفْسُو أَوْ يَضْرِطُ ، مِنَ الْجِنْسِ الَّذِي يَقُولُ إِنَّ ذِكْرَهُمَا لِعِلَّةٍ ، لأَنَّهُمَا وَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى الانْفِرَادِ يَنْقُضُ طُهْرَ الْمُتَوَضِّئِ ، وَكُلُّ مَا نَقَضَ طُهْرَ الْمُتَوَضِّئِ مِنَ الأَحْدَاثِ كُلِّهَا فَحُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ هَذَيْنِ الْحَدَثَيْنِ ، وَهَذَا مِنَ الْجِنْسِ الَّذِي أَجَبْتُ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِنَا أَنَّهُ مِنَ الْخَبَرِ الْمُعَلَّلِ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُشَبَّهَ بِهِ مَا هُوَ مِثْلُهُ فِي الْحُكْمِ ، وَلَوْ كَانَ التَّشْبِيهُ وَالتَّمْثِيلُ لا يَجُوزُ عَلَى أَخْبَارِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، عَلَى مَا تَوَهَّمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا ، لَكَانَ الْبَائِلُ فِي كُوزٍ أَوْ قَارُورَةٍ ، وَالْمُتَغَوِّطُ فِي طَشْتٍ ، أَوْ أُجَانَةٍ إِذَا جَلَسَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَنْتَظِرُ الصَّلاةَ ، كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرُ الْمُصَلِّي ، وَالْمُحْدِثُ إِذَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْهُ رِيحٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَجْرُ الْمُصَلِّي ، وَإِنْ جَلَسَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ الرِّيحِ مِنْهُ يَنْتَظِرُ الصَّلاةَ ، وَمَنْ فَهِمَ الْعِلْمَ وَعَقَلَهُ وَلَمْ يُعَانِدْ وَلَمْ يُكَابِرْ غَفَلَةً ، عَلِمَ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ : " يَفْسُو أَوْ يَضْرِطُ " ، إِنَّمَا أَرَادَ أَنَّ الْفِسَاء وَالضِّرَاطُ يَنْقُضَانِ طُهْرَ الْمُتَوَضِّئِ ، وَأَنَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لِمُنْتَظِرِ الصَّلاةِ بَعْدَ هَذَيْنِ الْحَدَثَيْنِ فَضِيلَةَ الْمُصَلِّي ، لأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ الْمُتَوَضِّئِ ، فَكُلُّ مُنْتَظِرِ الصَّلاةَ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ غَيْرُ طَاهِرٍ طَهَارَةً تُجْزِيهِ الصَّلاةُ مَعَهَا ، فَحُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ مَنْ خَرَجَتْ مِنْهُ رِيحٌ نَقَضَتْ عَلَيْهِ الطَّهَارَةَ
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “A servant remains in prayer as long as he waits for the prayer while sitting at his place of prayer. The angels pray for him: O Allah, forgive him; O Allah, have mercy on him, as long as he does not leave that place or commit hadath (lose his state of purity).” The students asked, “What is hadath?” Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) replied: “Passing wind silently or audibly.” Imam Abu Bakr (may Allah have mercy on him) says: And these words, “passing wind silently or audibly,” are of the type which indicate that both are mentioned for a reason, because both of them, and each one individually, nullifies the ablution of a person in a state of purity. And the ruling for all acts that nullify ablution is the same as the ruling for these two hadath, and this is of the same type as I have answered some of my companions that some narrations with a reason (mu’allal) are such that other similar narrations can be compared to them. And if analogy and comparison were not permissible in the hadiths of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), as some of our opponents mistakenly think, then a person who urinates in a cup or bottle, or defecates in a tray or tub, should have the reward of a person waiting for prayer in the mosque. Whereas, when a person loses his ablution by passing wind, he does not have the reward of a person in prayer, even if he continues to wait for prayer in the mosque after passing wind. And whoever has understanding and insight, and is neither stubborn nor heedless nor arrogant, will know that the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): “Passing wind silently or audibly,” means that both of these acts nullify ablution. And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not assign the reward of prayer to a person waiting for prayer after these two hadath have occurred, because he is no longer in a state of purity. Therefore, the ruling for a person sitting in the mosque waiting for prayer without such purity as is sufficient for prayer is like the ruling for a person whose wind has passed and whose purity has been nullified.
