Ibn Khuzaymah

Benefits:

➊ In this hadith, three things that nullify ablution (wudu) are mentioned: defecation, urination, and sleep. Regarding the first two, all scholars agree that defecation and urination nullify ablution. However, there is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding sleep as a nullifier of ablution. Imam Nawawi rahimahullah has mentioned eight different scholarly views on this issue, among which the preferred opinion is that sleep (which causes loss of consciousness and the senses are no longer intact, whether little or much) nullifies ablution in every case. This is the position of Hasan al-Basri, Muzani, Abu Ubayd Qasim ibn Sallam, and al-Haqq ibn Rahwayh rahimahullah, and Ibn al-Mundhir rahimahullah says that he also holds this view. [نيل الاوطار: 208/1]

➋ Anything that makes ritual bath (ghusl) obligatory, necessarily nullifies ablution.

➌ When ablution is nullified, the wiping (masah) over leather socks (khuffayn) and socks remains valid, but if ritual bath (ghusl) becomes obligatory, the wiping is invalidated, and in the case where ghusl is obligatory, washing the entire body becomes necessary.

127. Commentary:

➊ Wiping over the leather socks (khuffayn) is permissible in both the state of residence and travel. Some people restrict it to travel only, but there is no evidence for this, because it is established from the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) that he performed wiping in both states, travel and residence. For details, see [ذخيرة العقبي ، شرح سنن النسائي : 95-86/3].

➋ Since a traveler is quite occupied during travel, therefore, taking his necessity into consideration, the period for wiping has been set longer for him. In normal circumstances, a traveler is permitted to wipe for three days and three nights. If the hardship of travel is greater, there is a fear of being left behind by the caravan, or if they are stopped and feel distress because of it, or if a situation arises in which it is certain that removing the socks or leather socks (khuffayn) and then performing ablution (wudu) would take time, then even beyond the generally prescribed period, wiping may be done. This is a concession in a state of necessity. The evidence for this concession is an authentic hadith in Sunan Ibn Majah. It is narrated from Uqbah ibn Amir (radi Allahu anhu) that he came to Umar ibn al-Khattab (radi Allahu anhu) from Egypt. He asked: "Since when have you not removed these leather socks?" He replied: "From one Friday to the next Friday." Umar (radi Allahu anhu) said: "You have adhered to the Sunnah." See: [سنن ابن ماجه ، الطھارة ، حدیث : 558].

Some narrations indicate that he had come bearing the good news of the conquest of Damascus. As for the objection that the concession for a traveler is to wipe for three days and nights, whereas this hadith indicates the permissibility of wiping for a week or even more days in case of necessity, then in the aforementioned excuse, wiping for a longer period is also allowed. For further details, see: [تيسير الفقه الجامع للاختيارات الفقهية : 159/1 ، والصحيحة للألباني : 239/6].

➍ The period for wiping will be counted from the first wiping after the ablution is broken, as is apparent from the generality of the ahadith regarding wiping.

➎ Wiping is to be done in ablution (wudu), not in ritual bath (ghusl). If ritual bath (ghusl) becomes obligatory, the socks or leather socks (khuffayn) must be removed.

158. Commentary:

➊ From this hadith, it is understood that ablution (wudu) is nullified by urination, defecation, and sleep; one must perform a new ablution, otherwise there would be no benefit in mentioning the removal of the socks.

➋ Some say that the meaning of the angels lowering their wings is to show honor and respect, as is mentioned in the Noble Qur’an: ﴿wa’khfid lahuma janāḥa adh-dhulli mina ar-raḥmah﴾ [بنی اسرآءیل 24 : 17]
“And lower to them (your parents) the wing of humility out of mercy.” And Allah knows best.

➌ This hadith also mentions the honor and status of the student of knowledge, that the angels spread their wings for him.

➍ From this blessed hadith, it is also understood that it is necessary to observe etiquette and respect when asking questions to the people of knowledge, because the scholars are the inheritors of the prophets.

Explanation:
1:
A person loves certain people, but he does not reach their rank.

1:
This hadith indicates the specification of the duration for wiping over the leather socks (khuff):
For a traveler, it is three days and three nights, and for a resident, it is one day and one night.
This duration will be counted from the time the ablution (wudu) is nullified, not from the time the leather socks are worn.
If, in the case of a state of ritual impurity (hadath), the leather socks are removed, the wiping (masah) becomes invalid.
Likewise, it also becomes invalid after the duration has ended.

Explanation:
1:
(al-An'am: 158)

(1)
From this it is understood that just as ablution (wudu) becomes necessary after urinating or defecating, similarly, ablution is also required after sleeping.

(2)
It is obligatory to wash the feet in ablution (wudu), but if socks (khuffayn) are being worn, then wiping (masah) over them is sufficient, provided that complete ablution was performed before putting them on, and the feet were also washed at that time. (Sahih Muslim, Book of Purification, Chapter: Wiping over the Khuffayn, Hadith: 272)

(3)
This period of three days is for the traveler.
A resident may wipe (masah) only for one day and night.
Ali radi Allahu anhu said:
The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam prescribed a period of three days and nights for the traveler (for wiping over the khuffayn), and one day and night for the resident. (Sahih Muslim, Book of Purification, Chapter: The Time Limit for Wiping over the Khuffayn, Hadith: 276)

Lexical Explanation:
«سَفْرًا» is with a fathah on the "seen" and a sukoon on the "fa". It is in the meaning of «مُسَافِرِين», and is the plural of «سَافِرٌ», just as «رَكْبٌ» and «تَجْرٌ» are the plurals of «رَاكِبٌ» and «تَاجِرٌ».
«خِفَافٌ» is the plural of «خُفٌّ».
«إِلَّا مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ» is an exception from the negation of «أَنْ لَّا نَنْزِعَ». In the state of major ritual impurity (janabah), it is necessary to remove the leather socks (khuff), even if the period of three days and three nights has not yet been completed. However, it is not necessary to remove them due to urination, defecation, or sleep. Yes, when the period of three days and three nights is completed, then they must be removed.

Benefits and Issues:
➊ Wiping (masah) over the leather socks (khuffayn) is permissible without any difference of opinion.
➋ The number of Companions (radi Allahu anhum) who narrated traditions regarding wiping over the leather socks is about eighty (80), among whom are also the ten who were given glad tidings of Paradise (asharah mubashsharah).
➌ Allamah Ibn Abd al-Barr rahimahullah has transmitted consensus (ijma') on its authenticity.
➍ Imam Karakhi's opinion is that the ahadith regarding wiping over the leather socks have reached the level of tawatur (mass transmission). Regarding one who denies it, he said: "I fear for his disbelief (kufr)."
➎ The period for a resident and a traveler is different. For a traveler, the legal limit is three days and three nights, and for a resident, it is one day and one night. The beginning of the period will start from the first wiping (masah) performed after ablution (wudu) is broken and a new ablution is made, not from the time the socks are worn. For example: A person performs ablution for the Zuhr prayer and puts on the socks, and his ablution breaks in the evening; for him, the beginning of the period will be from the first wiping performed when making ablution, not from the time the ablution was broken.
➏ The method of wiping is that all five fingers of the hand should be moistened with water, and their tips should be drawn from the toes of the foot up to the beginning of the shin.
➐ If the socks are removed after a state of minor ritual impurity (hadath) occurs (i.e., after ablution is broken), the wiping (masah) becomes invalid, and it also becomes invalid after the completion of the period. And exactly the same rulings apply to wiping over socks (jurabayn). And it is permissible to wipe over every type of sock, whether thick or thin.

Hadith Narrator:
SR Sayyiduna Safwan ibn Assal radi Allahu anhu ER Safwan is with a fathah on the "sad" and a sukoon on the "fa". «عَسَّال» is with a fathah on the "ayn" and a shaddah on the "seen". Safwan ibn Assal al-Muradi al-Jamali is a well-known and famous Companion. He participated in twelve battles (ghazawat) fought under the leadership of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam. He settled in Kufa. It is said that among the Companions radi Allahu anhum, Sayyiduna Abdullah ibn Mas'ud radi Allahu anhu narrated from him.