صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الجناياتBook of Offenses
باب القصاص - ذكر نفي القصاص في القتل وإثبات التوارث بين أهل ملتين-
Section on Retaliation - No retaliation in killing between people of different religions, but inheritance applies
Hadith 5996
أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ بِمَرْوَ وَبِقَرْيَةِ سِنْجَ ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْهَيَّاجِ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأَرْحَبِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدَةُ بْنُ الأَسْوَدِ ، حَدَّثَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ، عَنْ سِنَانِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ ، عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ مُصَرِّفٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، قَالَ : كَانَتْ خُزَاعَةُ حُلَفَاءٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَكَانَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ ، رَهْطٌ مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ حُلَفَاءً لأَبِي سُفْيَانَ ، قَالَ : وَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ مُوَادَعَةٌ أَيَّامَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ، فَأَغَارَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ فِي تِلْكَ الْمُدَّةِ ، فَبَعَثُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْتَمِدُّونَهُ ، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُمِدًّا لَهُمْ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ، فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ قُدَيْدًا ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ ، وَقَالَ : " لِيَصُمِ النَّاسُ فِي السَّفَرِ وَيُفْطِرُوا ، فَمَنْ صَامَ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُ صَوْمُهُ ، وَمَنْ أَفْطَرَ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ " . فَفَتَحَ اللَّهُ مَكَّةَ ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا أَسْنَدَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ ، فَقَالَ : " كُفُّوا السِّلاحَ ، إِلا خُزَاعَةَ عَنْ بَكْرٍ " ، حَتَّى جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّهُ قُتِلَ رَجُلٌ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ ، فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ هَذَا الْحَرَمَ حَرَامٌ عَنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ، لَمْ يَحِلَّ لِمَنْ كَانَ قَبْلِي ، وَلا يَحِلُّ لِمَنْ بَعْدِي ، وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَحِلَّ لِي إِلا سَاعَةً وَاحِدَةً ، وَإِنَّهُ لا يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ أَنْ يُشْهِرَ فِيهِ سِلاحًا ، وَإِنَّهُ لا يَخْتَلِي خَلاهُ ، وَلا يُعْضَدُ شَجَرُهُ ، وَلا يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهُ " ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِلا الإِذْخَرَ ، فَإِنَّهُ لِبُيُوتِنَا وَقُبُورِنَا ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِلا الإِذْخَرَ " . " وَإِنَّ أَعْتَى النَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ ثَلاثَةٌ : مَنْ قَتَلَ فِي حَرَمِ اللَّهِ ، أَوْ قَتَلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ ، أَوْ قَتَلَ لِذَحْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ " . فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ ، فَقَالَ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ، إِنِّي وَقَعْتُ عَلَى جَارِيَةِ بَنِي فُلانٍ ، وَإِنَّهَا وَلَدَتْ لِي ، فَأْمُرْ بِوَلَدِي ، فَلْيُرَدَّ إِلَيَّ ، فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " لَيْسَ بِوَلَدِكَ ، لا يَجُوزُ هَذَا فِي الإِسْلامِ ، وَالْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَوْلَى بِالْيَمِينِ إِلا أَنْ تَقُومَ بَيِّنَةٌ ، الْوَلَدُ لِصَاحِبِ الْفِرَاشِ ، وَبِفِي الْعَاهِرِ الأَثْلِبُ " ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ، وَمَا الأَثْلِبُ ؟ قَالَ : " الْحَجَرُ ، فَمَنْ عَهَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ لا يَمْلِكُهَا ، أَوْ بِامْرَأَةِ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ فَوَلَدَتْ ، فَلَيْسَ بِوَلَدِهِ ، لا يَرِثُ وَلا يُورَثُ " . " وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ يَدٌ عَلَى مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ ، تَتَكَافَأُ دِمَاؤُهُمْ ، يُجِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَوَّلُهُمْ ، وَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ ، وَلا يُقْتَلُ مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَافِرٍ ، وَلا ذُو عَهْدٍ فِي عَهْدِهِ " . " وَلا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ " . " وَلا تُنْكَحُ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى عَمَّتِهَا ، وَلا عَلَى خَالَتِهَا ، وَلا تُسَافِرُ ثَلاثًا مَعَ غَيْرِ ذِي مَحْرَمٍ " . " وَلا تُصَلُّوا بَعْدَ الْفَجْرِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ ، وَلا تُصَلُّوا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ حَتَّى تَغْرُبَ الشَّمْسُ " .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The people of the Khuza’ah tribe were allies of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), while a group of Banu Kinanah, the Banu Bakr, were allies of Abu Sufyan (i.e., the polytheists of Makkah). At the time of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, an agreement was made between them. Then, during that period, the Banu Bakr attacked the people of the Khuza’ah tribe, so those people sent a message to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) for help. The Prophet (peace be upon him) set out to help them in the month of Ramadan. He was fasting, but when he reached the place of Qudayd, he broke his fast. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: People should sometimes fast during travel and sometimes not; whoever fasts, his fast is valid, and whoever does not, he must make it up.
Then Allah Almighty granted the conquest of Makkah. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered Makkah, he placed his back against the Ka’bah and said: Hold back your weapons, except that the people of the Khuza’ah tribe may take revenge on the Banu Bakr (for what was done to them). Then a man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! A man has been killed in Muzdalifah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: This is the Haram (sanctuary), and by Allah’s command, it is sacred. It was not made lawful for anyone before me, nor will it be made lawful for anyone after me, and for me, it was made lawful only for a short time. It is not permissible for any Muslim to walk in it with weapons drawn; its thorns are not to be cut, its trees are not to be cut, and its game is not to be chased away. A man said: O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! Allow us to use idhkhir (a type of grass), for we use it in our homes and graves. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The ruling for idhkhir is different. The three most disobedient people to Allah Almighty are: the one who kills someone in Allah’s sanctuary, the one who kills someone other than his killer (i.e., other than in retribution), and the one who kills someone based on enmity from the time of ignorance.
A man stood up and said: O Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him), I had relations with a slave woman from Banu so-and-so, and she bore a child. Please give a ruling about my child, that he be given to me. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: He will not be counted as your child, for this is not permissible in Islam. The one against whom a claim is made has more right to take an oath, except in the case where proof is established. The child belongs to the owner of the bed, and for the adulterer, there are stones in his mouth. A man said: O Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him), what is athlab? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Stones. Whoever commits adultery with a woman whom he does not own, or with a woman from another people, and she gives birth to a child, then that child will not be counted as his, nor will he inherit from him, nor will he be made his heir. The believers, in relation to all other people, are like one hand; their lives are equal. If the foremost among them grants protection, the last among them must fulfill it. No believer will be killed in retaliation for a disbeliever, and no dhimmi (non-Muslim under Muslim protection) will be killed during the period of his covenant. People of two religions will not inherit from each other. A woman will not be married together with her paternal aunt or her maternal aunt, and no woman will travel for more than three days without a mahram. And you people will not perform (any voluntary prayer) after Fajr until the sun rises, nor after Asr until the sun sets.
Then Allah Almighty granted the conquest of Makkah. When the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered Makkah, he placed his back against the Ka’bah and said: Hold back your weapons, except that the people of the Khuza’ah tribe may take revenge on the Banu Bakr (for what was done to them). Then a man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! A man has been killed in Muzdalifah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: This is the Haram (sanctuary), and by Allah’s command, it is sacred. It was not made lawful for anyone before me, nor will it be made lawful for anyone after me, and for me, it was made lawful only for a short time. It is not permissible for any Muslim to walk in it with weapons drawn; its thorns are not to be cut, its trees are not to be cut, and its game is not to be chased away. A man said: O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)! Allow us to use idhkhir (a type of grass), for we use it in our homes and graves. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The ruling for idhkhir is different. The three most disobedient people to Allah Almighty are: the one who kills someone in Allah’s sanctuary, the one who kills someone other than his killer (i.e., other than in retribution), and the one who kills someone based on enmity from the time of ignorance.
A man stood up and said: O Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him), I had relations with a slave woman from Banu so-and-so, and she bore a child. Please give a ruling about my child, that he be given to me. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: He will not be counted as your child, for this is not permissible in Islam. The one against whom a claim is made has more right to take an oath, except in the case where proof is established. The child belongs to the owner of the bed, and for the adulterer, there are stones in his mouth. A man said: O Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him), what is athlab? The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Stones. Whoever commits adultery with a woman whom he does not own, or with a woman from another people, and she gives birth to a child, then that child will not be counted as his, nor will he inherit from him, nor will he be made his heir. The believers, in relation to all other people, are like one hand; their lives are equal. If the foremost among them grants protection, the last among them must fulfill it. No believer will be killed in retaliation for a disbeliever, and no dhimmi (non-Muslim under Muslim protection) will be killed during the period of his covenant. People of two religions will not inherit from each other. A woman will not be married together with her paternal aunt or her maternal aunt, and no woman will travel for more than three days without a mahram. And you people will not perform (any voluntary prayer) after Fajr until the sun rises, nor after Asr until the sun sets.
