صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب القضاءBook of Judgement
ذكر الإخبار عن السبب الذي من أجله أنزل الله جل وعلا وإن حكمت فاحكم بينهم بالقسط-
Report on the reason for the revelation of "If you judge, judge with justice"
Hadith 5057
أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : " كَانَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ وَالنَّضِيرُ ، وَكَانَتِ النَّضِيرُ أشرف من قريظة ، قَالَ : وَكَانَ إِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ رَجُلا مِنَ النَّضِيرِ قُتِلَ بِهِ ، وَإِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ رَجُلا مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ وَدَى مِئَةَ وَسْقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ ، فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ رَجُلا مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ ، فَقَالُوا : ادْفَعُوهُ إِلَيْنَا نَقْتُلُهُ ، فَقَالُوا : بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَتَوْهُ ، فَنَزَلَتْ : وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ سورة المائدة آية 42 ، وَالْقِسْطُ النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ : أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ سورة المائدة آية 50 .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: There was a tribe called Qurayzah and a tribe called Nadir. The Nadir tribe was considered more honorable than the Qurayzah tribe. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: When someone from Banu Qurayzah killed someone from Banu Nadir, he would be killed in retaliation. But when someone from Banu Nadir killed someone from Banu Qurayzah, he would pay one hundred wasq of dates as blood money. When the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) was sent, a man from Banu Nadir killed a man from Banu Qurayzah. The people said: Hand him over to us so that we may also kill him. They said: The decision between us and you will be made by the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). Then they came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and regarding this, the following verse was revealed: "If you judge, judge between them with justice." Here, justice means: a life for a life. Then this verse was revealed: "Do they seek the judgment of the time of ignorance?"
