صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب السيرBook of Expeditions
باب الغنائم وقسمتها - ذكر الخبر المفسر لقوله جل وعلا واعلموا أنما غنمتم من شيء فأن لله خمسه-
Chapter on Spoils of War and Their Distribution – On the report explaining the verse: “And know that whatever you gain as spoils, a fifth is for Allah...”
Hadith 4805
أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ بِمَنْبِجَ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ كَثِيرِ بْنِ أَفْلَحَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ مَوْلَى قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الأَنْصَارِيِّ ثُمَّ السُّلَمِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : " خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ ، قَالَ : فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلا رَجُلا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، قَالَ ، فَاسْتَدْبَرْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ ، فَضَرَبْتُهُ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ ضَرْبَةً ، فَقَطَعْتُ مِنْهُ الدِّرْعَ ، قَالَ : فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ ، فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ ، فَأَرْسَلَنِي ، فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ ؟ فَقَالَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ رَجَعُوا ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ " ، قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ : فَقُمْتُ ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ : مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ ، فَقُمْتُ ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ : مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّالِثَةَ ، فَقُمْتُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ ؟ فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ : صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي ، فَأَرْضِهِ مِنِّي ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : لا هَاللَّهُ ، إِذًا لا يَعْمِدُ إِلَيَّ أَسَدٌ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَعَنْ رَسُولِهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ : فَأَعْطَانِيهِ ، فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ ، فَابْتَعْتُ مِنْهُ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلَمَةَ ، فَإِنَّهُ لأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الإِسْلامِ " ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : هَذَا الْخَبَرُ دَالٌّ عَلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ جَلَّ وَعَلا : فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ سورة الأنفال آية 41 أَرَادَ بِذَلِكَ بَعْضَ الْخُمُسِ ، إِذِ السَّلَبُ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ ، وَلَيْسَ بِدَاخِلٍ فِي الْخُمُسِ بِحُكْمِ الْمُبَيِّنِ عَنِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلا مُرَادُهُ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .
Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: In the year of Hunayn, we set out with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). When we confronted (the enemy), during the battle, there was chaos among the Muslims. I saw a polytheist who had overpowered a Muslim. I circled around and came behind him (the polytheist). I struck his shoulder and cut through his armor. He advanced towards me and squeezed me so hard that I felt the scent of death, but then he died and let me go. I met Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and said to him: What has happened to the people? He replied: It is Allah’s command. When the people returned (from the battle), the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Whoever has killed someone (a disbeliever) and has proof of it, then the belongings of the slain will go to him. Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) says: I stood up, then I thought, who will testify for me? So I sat down. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Whoever has killed someone (a disbeliever) and has proof of it, then the belongings of the slain will go to him. I stood up again, then I thought, who will testify for me? So I sat down again. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said the same thing a third time, so I stood up. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked: O Abu Qatadah! What is the matter? I narrated the whole incident to you (the Prophet). Then one of those present said: He is telling the truth; the belongings of the slain are with me. Please make him pleased with me on my behalf. Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Never! A lion of Allah, who fought in the way of Allah and His Messenger, and (the Prophet) gives his belongings to you? The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: You give it to him. Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: He gave it to me. I sold the armor and bought a date orchard in the locality of Banu Salamah. After accepting Islam, this was the first land I bought. (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) This hadith indicates that Allah’s statement “a fifth of it will be for Allah” refers to some of the khums, because the belongings (on the body) of the slain are also included in the spoils of war, but they are not included in the khums. This is established by the command of the one who clarifies the rulings of Allah’s Book by Allah’s command.
