صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الطلاقBook of Divorce
ذكر البيان بأن زوج بريرة كان عبدا لا حرا وأن الأسود واهم في قوله كان حرا-
Clarifying that Barirah’s husband was a slave, not free, and that al-Aswad was mistaken
Hadith 4272
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الأَزْدِيُّ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا إِِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، قَالَتْ : كَاتَبَتْ بَرِيرَةَ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا بِتِسْعَةِ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ أُوقِيَّةً ، فَأَتَتْ عَائِشَةَ تَسْتَعِينُهَا ، فَقَالَتْ : لا ، إِِلا أَنْ يَشَاءُوا أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً ، وَيَكُونَ الْوَلاءُ لِي . فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ ، فَكَلَّمَتْ بِذَلِكَ أَهْلَهَا فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهَا إِِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلاءُ لَهُمْ ، فَجَاءَتْ إِِلَى عَائِشَةَ وَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَالَتْ لَهَا مَا قَالَ أَهْلُهَا ، فَقَالَتْ : لا هَاللَّهِ إِِذًا إِِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلاءُ لِي . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا هَذَا ؟ " فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِِنَّ بَرِيرَةَ أَتَتْنِي تَسْتَعِينُنِي عَلَى كِتَابَتِهَا ، فَقُلْتُ : لا ، إِِلا أَنْ يَشَاءُوا أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ عَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً ، وَيَكُونَ الْوَلاءُ لِي ، فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لأَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهَا ، إِِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلاءُ لَهُمْ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " ابْتَاعِيهَا وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلاءَ وَأَعْتِقِيهَا ، فَإِِنَّ الْوَلاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ . ثُمَّ قَامَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ، يَقُولُونَ : أَعْتِقْ يَا فُلانُ وَالْوَلاءُ لِي ، كِتَابُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ ، وَشَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُ ، كُلُّ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ ، وَإِِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ " . " فَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَوْجَهَا ، وَكَانَ عَبْدًا فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا " . قَالَ عُرْوَةُ : فَلَوْ كَانَ حُرًّا مَا خَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا .
Lady Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Barirah made a contract of emancipation concerning herself for nine awqiyah, in which she had to pay one awqiyah each year. She came to Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) to seek help. Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: No, if they wish, I will pay them all at once and the right of wala’ (allegiance) will be mine. Barirah went and discussed this with her owners, but they did not accept it; they wanted the right of wala’ to remain with them. Barirah came to Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), and at that time the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) also arrived there. Barirah told Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) what her owners had said, so Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said to her: No, by Allah! This will only happen if the right of wala’ is mine. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: What is the matter? I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Barirah came to me to seek help regarding the payment for her contract of emancipation, so I said: No, if they wish, I will pay them all at once and the right of wala’ will be mine. She mentioned this to her owners, but they did not accept it; they insisted that the right of wala’ remain with them. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Buy her and let the condition of wala’ be for them, then set her free. The right of wala’ belongs to the one who sets free. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up, praised and glorified Allah, then said: What is the matter with people that they stipulate conditions which are not in Allah’s Book? People say: Set so-and-so free and the right of wala’ will be mine, whereas Allah’s Book is more deserving and Allah’s condition is stronger. Every condition which is not permitted by Allah’s Book is invalid, even if there are a hundred such conditions. (The narrator states) The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) gave that woman the choice regarding her husband; her husband was a slave man. The woman chose herself. Urwah says: If her husband had been a free man, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) would not have given her the choice regarding her husband.
