صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب النكاحBook of Marriage
- باب الولي - ذكر الزجر عن أن يزوج الولي المرأة بغير صداق عدل يكون بينهما
Chapter: The guardian – Prohibition of a guardian marrying off a woman without a fair dowry
Hadith 4073
أَخْبَرَنَا أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا يُونُسُ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَائِشَةَ ، عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ : وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلاثَ وَرُبَاعَ سورة النساء آية 3 ، قَالَتْ : " يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي ، هَذِهِ الْيَتِيمَةُ تَكُونُ فِي حِجْرِ وَلِيِّهَا تُشَارِكُهُ فِي مَالِهِ ، فَيُعْجِبُهُ مَالُهَا ، وَجَمَالُهَا ، فَيُرِيدُ وَلِيِّهَا أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ أَنْ يُقْسِطَ فِي صَدَاقِهَا ، فَيُعْطِيَهَا مِثْلَ مَا يُعْطِيَهَا غَيْرُهُ ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوهُنَّ إِلا أَنْ يُقْسِطُوا لَهُنَّ مَهْرًا أَعْلَى سُنَّتِهِنَّ مِنَ الصَّدَاقِ ، وَأُمِرُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَهُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سِوَاهُنَّ " ، قَالَ عُرْوَةُ : قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : " ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ اسْتَفْتَوْا بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ فِيهِمْ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللاتِي لا تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَنْ تَنْكِحُوهُنَّ سورة النساء آية 127 " ، قَالَتْ : " وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ الآيَةِ الأُولَى الَّتِي ، قَالَ فِيهَا : وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ سورة النساء آية 3 " ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : " وَقَالَ اللَّهُ فِي الآيَةِ الأُخْرَى رَغْبَةَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَنْ يَتِيمَتِهِ الَّتِي فِي حِجْرِهِ حِينَ تَكُونُ قَلِيلَةَ الْمَالِ ، وَالْجَمَالِ ، فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَنْكِحُوا مَا رَغِبُوا فِي مَالِهَا ، وَجَمَالِهَا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلا بِالْقِسْطِ مِنْ أَجْلِ رَغْبَتِهِمْ عَنْهُنَّ " .
Urwah bin Zubair narrates: He asked Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) about the statement of Allah Almighty: "If you fear that you will not be able to deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those women who please you, two, three, or four." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) explained: O my nephew, sometimes an orphan girl would be under the guardianship of a guardian, and she would have a share in the guardian's wealth. The guardian would be attracted to the girl's wealth and beauty, so he would intend to marry her without giving her any dowry—that is, the dowry he would have to give if he married another woman (he would not give to this girl). So people were forbidden from marrying such girls unless they gave them the dowry that is customarily given. And people were instructed that if they did not want to give the dowry to these orphan girls, they should marry some other woman instead. Urwah narrates: Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) explained this, and after this verse, people asked about this issue, so Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "People ask you about women. Say: Allah gives you a ruling about them, and what is recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan girls to whom you do not give what is prescribed for them, and you desire to marry them." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The thing that Allah Almighty mentioned by saying, "what is recited to you in the Book," refers to the previous verse in which Allah Almighty said: "If you fear that you will not be able to deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those women who please you." Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: In the second verse, Allah Almighty has stated that if any one of you is not interested in an orphan girl under his guardianship who has little wealth and is not beautiful, then people are forbidden from marrying those women whose wealth and beauty attract them unless they pay them the dowry justly. The reason is (that those women who have little wealth), men are less interested in them.
