صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الصومBook of Fasting
باب صوم التطوع - ذكر استحباب صوم يوم وإفطار يوم إذ هو صوم داود عليه السلام أو صوم يوم وإفطار يومين لمن عجز عن ذلك
Voluntary Fasting - Recommendation to fast every other day, as it is the fast of David (peace be upon him), or to fast one day and break the fast for two days for those unable to do so
Hadith 3639
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَعْلَى ، حَدَّثَنَا خَلْفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ الْبَزَّارُ ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، عَنْ غَيْلانَ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ ، أَنَّ رَجُلا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ، كَيْفَ تَصُومُ ؟ قَالَ : فَغَضِبَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ ، قَالَ : رَضِينَا بِاللَّهِ رِبًا ، وَبِالإِسْلامِ دَيْنًا ، وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَبِيًّا ، نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ غَضِبِ اللَّهِ وَغَضِبِ رَسُولِهِ ، وَجَعَلَ يُرَدِّدُهَا حَتَّى سَكَنَ مِنْ غَضِبِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ، كَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمَيْنِ وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا ؟ قَالَ : " وَيُطِيقُ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ ؟ " ، قَالَ : فَكَيْفَ مَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا ؟ قَالَ : " ذَاكَ صَوْمُ أَخِي دَاوُدَ " ، قَالَ : فَكَيْفَ بِمَنْ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمَيْنِ ؟ قَالَ : " وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي طُوِّقْتُ ذَاكَ " ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : لَمْ يَكُنْ غَضَبُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَجْلِ مَسْأَلَةِ هَذَا السَّائِلِ عَنْ كَيْفِيَّةِ الصَّوْمِ ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ غَضَبُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لأَنَّ السَّائِلَ سَأَلَهُ ، قَالَ : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تَصُومُ ؟ قَالَ : فَكَرِهَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْتِخْبَارَهُ عَنْ كَيْفِيَّةِ صَوْمِهِ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ لَوَ أَخْبَرَهُ يَعْجِزُ عَنْ إِتِيَانِ مِثْلِهِ ، أَوْ خَشِيَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى السَّائِلِ وَأُمَّتِهِ جَمِيعًا أَنْ يَفْرِضَ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَلِكَ ، فَيَعْجِزُوا عَنْهُ .
Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A man came to the service of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). He said: O Messenger of Allah! How do you fast? The narrator says: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) became angry. When Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) saw this situation, he said: We are pleased with Allah as our Lord, with Islam as our religion, and with Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) as our Prophet (meaning we believe in this), and we seek refuge with Allah from the anger of Allah and the anger of His Messenger. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) kept repeating this until the anger of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) subsided. He said: O Messenger of Allah! What is the ruling for a person who fasts for two days and does not fast for one day? The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked: Can anyone do that? He asked: What is the ruling for a person who fasts one day and does not fast the next day? The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: This is the way my brother, Sayyiduna Dawud (peace be upon him), used to fast. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: What is the ruling for a person who fasts one day and does not fast for two days? The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: I wish I had the strength for that. (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:): The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not become angry because the questioner asked about the manner of his fasting. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) became angry because the questioner asked: O Messenger of Allah, how do you fast? So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) disliked that he should be asked about the manner of his fasting. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) feared that if he informed him about it, he would not be able to fast in the same way, or the Prophet feared for this questioner and his Ummah that it might become obligatory upon them and they would not be able to fulfill it.
