صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الصومBook of Fasting
باب صوم التطوع - ذكر الأمر بصيام يوم عاشوراء إذ الله جل وعلا نجى فيه كليمه صلى الله عليه وسلم وأهلك من ضاده وعاداه
Chapter on Voluntary Fasting - Command to fast Ashura because Allah saved His Prophet and destroyed his enemies on that day
Hadith 3625
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الأَزْدِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَوَجَدَ يَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ : " مَا هَذَا ؟ " ، قَالُوا : يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ نَجَّى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى ، وَأَغْرَقَ آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ ، فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ ، فَقَالُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَنَا أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى ، وَأَحَقُّ بِصِيَامِهِ مِنْكُمْ " ، فَصَامَهُ ، وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: When the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in (the blessed city of) Madinah, he found that the Jews were fasting on the day of Ashura. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked them: What is the reason for this? They replied: This is a great day in which Allah Almighty granted deliverance to Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him) and drowned Pharaoh and his followers, so Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him) fasted on this day to thank Allah Almighty. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: We are closer to Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him) than you and more deserving of fasting on this day. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fasted on this day and also ordered fasting on this day.
