صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الصلاةBook of Prayer
باب فرض الجماعة والأعذار التي تبيح تركها - ذكر الخبر الدال على أن هذا الأمر حتم لا ندب
Chapter on the Obligation of Congregation and Excuses Permitting Its Omission - Report indicating this command is obligatory, not recommended
Hadith 2064
أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى ، وَعَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ بَيَانٍ السُّكَّرِيُّ ، قَالا : حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ سَمِعَ النِّدَاءَ فَلَمْ يُجِبْ ، فَلا صَلاةَ لَهُ إِلا مِنْ عُذْرٍ " . قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : فِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ دَلِيلٌ أَنَّ أَمْرَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِإِتْيَانِ الْجَمَاعَاتِ أَمْرُ حَتْمٍ لا نَدْبٍ ، إِذْ لَوْ كَانَ الْقَصْدُ فِي قَوْلِهِ : " فَلا صَلاةَ لَهُ إِلا مِنْ عُذْرٍ " ، يُرِيدُ بِهِ فِي الْفَضْلِ لَكَانَ الْمَعْذُورُ إِذَا صَلَّى وَحْدَهُ كَانَ لَهُ فَضْلُ الْجَمَاعَةِ ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَحَالَ هَذَا ، وَبَطَلَ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ الأَمْرَ بِإِتْيَانِ الْجَمَاعَةِ أَمْرُ إِيجَابٍ لا نَدْبٍ . وَأَمَّا الْعُذْرُ الَّذِي يَكُونُ الْمُتَخَلِّفُ عَنْ إِتْيَانِ الْجَمَاعَاتِ بِهِ مَعْذُورًا ، فَقَدْ تَتَبَّعْتُهُ فِي السُّنَنِ كُلِّهَا فَوَجَدْتُهَا تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْعُذْرَ عَشْرَةُ أَشْيَاءَ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever hears the call to prayer and does not respond to it (i.e., does not participate in the congregational prayer), his prayer is not valid, except if he has an excuse, for the ruling regarding an excuse is different." (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) In this narration, there is evidence that the command of the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to participate in the congregation is an obligatory command, not merely a recommendation. Because if the intent of the Prophet’s statement, "his prayer is not valid except for the one who has an excuse," was to indicate virtue, then when an excused person prays alone, he would attain the virtue of congregation. Since this is impossible, it is established that the command to come for congregation is obligatory, not merely recommended. As for the excuse due to which a person is considered excused from participating in the congregation, I have researched all the hadiths on this matter and found that the hadiths indicate that this excuse can be ten different things.
