صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الإيمانBook of Faith
باب فرض الإيمان - ذكر خبر أوهم بعض المستمعين ممن لم يطلب العلم من مظانه أنه مضاد للخبرين اللذين ذكرناهما-
Chapter: Obligation of Faith – A narration that may mislead some listeners into thinking it contradicts the previous two narrations
Hadith 164
أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ مَوْهَبٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ اللَّيْثِيِّ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ ، عَنِ الْمِقَدْادِ بْنِ الأَسْوَدِ أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَقِيتُ رَجُلا مِنَ الْكُفَّارِ فَقَاتَلَنِي ، فَضَرَبَ إِحْدَى يَدَيَّ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَطَعَهَا ، ثُمَّ لاذَ مِنِّي بِشَجَرَةٍ وَقَالَ : أَسْلَمْتُ لِلَّهِ ، أَفَأَقْتُلُهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَهَا ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لا تَقْتُلْهُ " ، قُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ قَطَعَ يَدِي ، ثُمَّ قَالَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ أَنْ قَطَعَهَا ، أَفَأَقْتُلُهُ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لا تَقْتُلْهُ ، فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلُ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ ، وَأَنْتَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ قَبْلُ أَنْ يَقُولَ كَلِمَتَهُ الَّتِي قَالَ " قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ الِلَّهِ عَنْهُ : قَوْلُهُ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَإِنْ قَتَلْتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ قَبْلُ أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ " يُرِيدُ بِهِ : أَنَّكَ تُقْتَلُ قَوَدًا ، لأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَبْلُ أَنْ أَسْلَمَ حَلالَ الدَّمِ ، وَقَتَلْتَهُ بَعْدَ إِسْلامِهِ صِرْتَ بِحَالَةٍ تُقْتَلُ مِثْلَهُ قَوَدًا بِهِ ، لا أَنَّ قَتْلَ الْمُسْلِمِ يُوجِبُ كُفْرًا يُخْرِجُ مِنَ الْمِلَّةِ ، إِذِ الِلَّهِ قَالَ : يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى سورة البقرة آية 178 ، البقرة .
Sayyiduna Miqdad bin Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: He said, "O Messenger of Allah! What is your opinion regarding a situation where I confront a disbeliever and he fights with me, and he strikes my hand with a sword and cuts it off, then (when I overpower him) he goes behind a tree to save himself and says: 'I accept Islam for the sake of Allah.' After he says this, should I kill him?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not kill him." I said, "O Messenger of Allah! He cut off my hand, and after cutting off my hand he said this. Should I kill him?" The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not kill him, because if you kill him, he will be in your place where you were before you killed him, and you will be in his place where he was before he uttered the word (of Islam)." (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) The statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Do not kill him, because if you kill him, he will be in your place where you were before you killed him," means that you will be killed in retribution (qisas), because before he accepted Islam, it was permissible to shed his blood, but when you killed him after he accepted Islam, you will reach a state where you will be killed in retribution for him. This hadith does not mean that killing a Muslim necessitates such disbelief that takes a person out of the religion, because Allah the Exalted has said: "O you who believe! Retaliation (qisas) is prescribed for you in the case of those killed."
