صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الإيمانBook of Faith
باب الفطرة - ذكر الخبر المدحض قول من زعم أن هذا الخبر تفرد به حميد بن عبد الرحمن-
Chapter: Fitrah – Narration refuting the claim that only Humayd ibn Abd al-Rahman narrated this hadith
Hadith 130
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الأَزْدِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيَمَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيرَةَ ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " كُلُّ مَوْلُودٍ يُولَدُ عَلَى الْفطْرَةِ ، فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ وَيُمَجِّسَانِهِ ، كَمَا تَنْتِجُونَ إِبِلَكُمْ هَذِهِ هَلْ تُحِسُّونَ فِيهَا مِنْ جَدْعَاءَ ؟ " ثُمَّ يَقُولُ أَبُو هُرَيرَةَ : فَاقْرَءُوا إِنْ شَئْتُمْ : فِطْرَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا لا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ سورة الروم آية 30 ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : قَوْلُهُ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ وَيُمَجِّسَانِهِ " مِمَّا نَقُولُ فِي كُتُبِنَا : إِنَّ الْعَرَبَ تُضِيفُ الْفِعْلَ إِلَى الآمِرِ ، كَمَا تُضِيفُهُ إِلَى الْفَاعِلِ ، فَأَطْلَقَ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْمَ التَّهَوُّدِ وَالتَّنَصُّرِ وَالتَّمَجُّسِ عَلَى مَنْ أَمَرَ وَلَدَهُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهَا بِلَفْظِ الْفِعْلِ ، لا أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يُهَوِّدُونَ أَوْلادَهُمْ أَوْ يُنَصِّرُونَهُمْ أَوْ يُمَجِّسُونَهُمْ ، دُونَ قَضَاءِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي سَابِقِ عِلْمِهِ فِي عَبِيدِهِ ، عَلَى حَسَبِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِي غَيْرِ مَوْضِعٍ مِنْ كُتُبِنَا ، وَهَذَا كَقَوْلِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ فِي حَجَّتِهِ " ، يُرِيدُ بِهِ أَنَّ الْحَالِقَ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لا نَفْسَهُ ، وَهَذَا كَقَوْلِهِ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ حِينَ يَخْرُجُ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ فَخُطْوَتَاهُ إِحْدَاهُمَا تَحُطُّ خَطِيئَةً ، وَالأُخْرَى تَرْفَعُ دَرَجَةً " ، يُرِيدُ : أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِذَلِكَ ، لا أَنَّ الْخُطْوَةَ تَحُطُّ الْخَطِيئَةَ ، أَوْ تَرْفَعُ الدَّرَجَةَ ، وَهَذَا كَقَوْلِ النَّاسِ : الأَمِيرُ ضَرَبَ فُلانًا أَلْفَ سَوْطٍ ، يُرِيدُونَ : أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ لا أَنَّهُ فَعَلَ بِنَفْسِهِ .
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, narrates this statement of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him: "Every child is born upon the natural disposition (fitrah), but his parents make him a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian. Just as among your camels, when a calf is born, do you find any among them with its ears cut off?" Then Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, said: If you wish, you may recite this verse (in support of this hadith): "This is Allah’s established way upon which He has created mankind, and there is no change in Allah’s creation."
Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says: The statement of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him: "His parents make him a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian," is among those matters about which we have already mentioned in our books that the Arabs sometimes attribute the action to the one who commands it, just as they attribute it to the one who actually does it. So here, the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, used the terms 'make a Jew,' 'make a Christian,' or 'make a Magian' for the person who commands his child to follow any of these religions, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used the expression through the verb. This does not mean that the polytheists themselves make their children Jews, Christians, or Magians, and this is apart from Allah’s decree regarding His knowledge about His servants. This will be according to what we have mentioned elsewhere in our books. And this is in accordance with the statement of Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him: "The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, had his head shaved during the Farewell Pilgrimage." What is meant by this is: the one who shaved the head did this act with the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did not do it himself. An example of this is the statement of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "When a person leaves his house for prayer, one of his steps erases a sin and the other raises his rank." What is meant by this is: Allah commands this to happen. It is not that the step itself erases the sin or raises the rank. And this is like the saying of the people: The ruler flogged so-and-so a hundred lashes. What is meant by this is: the ruler ordered it to be done. It does not mean that he did it himself.
Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says: The statement of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him: "His parents make him a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian," is among those matters about which we have already mentioned in our books that the Arabs sometimes attribute the action to the one who commands it, just as they attribute it to the one who actually does it. So here, the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, used the terms 'make a Jew,' 'make a Christian,' or 'make a Magian' for the person who commands his child to follow any of these religions, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used the expression through the verb. This does not mean that the polytheists themselves make their children Jews, Christians, or Magians, and this is apart from Allah’s decree regarding His knowledge about His servants. This will be according to what we have mentioned elsewhere in our books. And this is in accordance with the statement of Sayyiduna Umar, may Allah be pleased with him: "The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, had his head shaved during the Farewell Pilgrimage." What is meant by this is: the one who shaved the head did this act with the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did not do it himself. An example of this is the statement of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "When a person leaves his house for prayer, one of his steps erases a sin and the other raises his rank." What is meant by this is: Allah commands this to happen. It is not that the step itself erases the sin or raises the rank. And this is like the saying of the people: The ruler flogged so-and-so a hundred lashes. What is meant by this is: the ruler ordered it to be done. It does not mean that he did it himself.
