Hadith 6233
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ مُجَاشِعٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْقَيْسِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبَانُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْعَطَّارُ ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ، أَنَّ زَيْدًا حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّ أَبَا سَلامٍ حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ الأَشْعَرِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " إِِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلا أَمَرَ يَحْيَى بْنَ زَكَرِيَّا بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ يَعْمَلُ بِهِنَّ ، وَيَأْمُرُ بَنِي إِِسْرَائِيلِ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهِنَّ ، وَإِِنَّ عِيسَى قَالَ لَهُ : إِِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَمَرَكَ بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ تَعْمَلُ بِهِنَّ وَتَأْمُرُ بَنِي إِِسْرَائِيلَ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِهِنَّ ، فَإِِمَّا أَنْ تَأْمُرَهُمْ ، وَإِِمَّا أَنْ آمُرَهُمْ ، قَالَ : فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ حَتَّى امْتَلأَتْ ، وَجَلَسُوا عَلَى الشَّرُفَاتِ ، فَوَعَظَهُمْ ، وَقَالَ : إِِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلا أَمَرَنِي بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ أَعْمَلُ بِهِنَّ ، وَآمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَعْمَلُوا بِهِنَّ : أَوَّلُهُنَّ : أَنْ تَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا ، وَمَثَلُ ذَلِكَ ، مَثَلُ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى عَبْدًا بِخَالِصِ مَالِهِ بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ وَرَقٍ ، وَقَالَ لَهُ : هَذِهِ دَارِي ، وَهَذَا عَمَلِي ، فَجَعَلَ الْعَبْدُ يَعْمَلُ وَيُؤَدِّي إِِلَى غَيْرِ سَيِّدِهِ ، فَأَيُّكُمْ يَسُرُّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَبْدُهُ هَكَذَا ، وَإِِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَكُمْ وَرَزَقَكُمْ ، فَاعْبُدُوهُ وَلا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا ، وَآمُرُكُمْ بِالصَّلاةِ ، فَإِِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ ، فَلا تَلْتَفِتُوا ، فَإِِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِِذَا لَمْ يَلْتَفِتِ ، اسْتَقْبَلَهُ جَلَّ وَعَلا بِوَجْهِهِ ، وَآمُرُكُمْ بِالصِّيَامِ ، وَإِِنَّمَا مَثَلُ ذَلِكَ ، كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ مَعَهُ صُرَّةٌ فِيهَا مِسْكٌ ، وَعِنْدَهُ عِصَابَةٌ يَسُرُّهُ أَنْ يَجِدُوا رِيحَهَا ، فَإِِنَّ الصِّيَامَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَطْيَبُ مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ ، وَآمُرُكُمْ بِالصَّدَقَةِ ، وَإِِنَّ مَثَلَ ذَلِكَ ، كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ أَسَرَهُ الْعَدُو ، فَأَوْثَقُوا يَدَهُ إِِلَى عُنُقِهِ ، وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَضْرِبُوا عُنُقَهُ ، فَقَالَ : هَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْ أَفْدِيَ نَفْسِي ، فَجَعَلَ يُعْطِيهِمُ الْقَلِيلَ وَالْكَثِيرَ لِيَفُكَّ نَفْسَهُ مِنْهُمْ ، وَآمُرُكُمْ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ، فَإِِنَّ مَثَلَ ذَلِكَ ، كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ طَلَبَهُ الْعَدُوُّ سِرَاعًا فِي أَثَرِهِ ، فَأَتَى عَلَى حِصْنُ حُصَيْنٍ ، فَأَحْرَزَ نَفْسَهُ فِيهِ ، فَكَذَلِكَ الْعَبْدُ لا يُحْرِزُ نَفْسَهُ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ إِِلا بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ " ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَأَنَا آمُرُكُمْ بِخَمْسٍ أَمَرَنِي اللَّهُ بِهَا : بِالْجَمَاعَةِ ، وَالسَّمْعِ ، وَالطَّاعَةِ ، وَالْهِجْرَةِ ، وَالْجِهَادِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، فَمَنْ فَارَقَ الْجَمَاعَةَ قِيدَ شِبْرٍ ، فَقَدْ خَلَعَ رِبَقَ الإِِسْلامِ مِنْ عُنُقِهِ إِِلا أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ ، وَمَنْ دَعَا بِدَعْوَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ مِنْ جُثَا جَهَنَّمَ " ، قَالَ رَجُلٌ : وَإِِنْ صَامَ وَصَلَّى ؟ ، قَالَ : " وَإِِنْ صَامَ وَصَلَّى ، فَادْعُوا بِدَعْوَى اللَّهِ الَّذِي سَمَّاكُمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ " ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : الأَمْرُ بِالْجَمَاعَةِ بِلَفْظِ الْعُمُومِ ، وَالْمُرَادُ مِنْهُ الْخَاصُّ ، لأَنَّ الْجَمَاعَةَ هِيَ إِِجْمَاعُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَمَنْ لَزِمَ مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ ، وَشَذَّ عَنْ مَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ ، لَمْ يَكُنْ بِشَاقٍّ لِلْجَمَاعَةِ ، وَلا مُفَارِقٍ لَهَا ، وَمَنْ شَذَّ عَنْهُمْ ، وَتَبِعَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ ، كَانَ شَاقًّا لِلْجَمَاعَةِ ، وَالْجَمَاعَةُ بَعْدَ الصَّحَابَةِ هُمْ أَقْوَامٌ اجْتَمَعَ فِيهِمُ الدِّينُ وَالْعَقْلُ وَالْعِلْمُ ، وَلَزِمُوا تَرْكَ الْهَوَى فِيمَا هُمْ فِيهِ . وَإِِنْ قَلَّتْ أَعْدَادُهُمْ ، لا أَوْبَاشُ النَّاسِ وَرِعَاعُهُمْ ، وَإِِنْ كَثُرُوا ، وَالْحَارِثُ الأَشْعَرِيُّ هَذَا : هُوَ أَبُو مَالِكٍ الأَشْعَرِيُّ ، اسْمُهُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ، مِنْ سَاكِنِي الشَّامِ .
Sayyiduna Harith Ash’ari (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Allah Almighty commanded Sayyiduna Yahya bin Zakariya with five things, that he should act upon them and also instruct the Children of Israel to act upon them. Sayyiduna Isa said to him: Allah Almighty has commanded you with five things. You should act upon them and also instruct the Children of Israel to act upon them. Either you command the Children of Israel regarding them, or I will command them.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) says: He gathered the people in Bayt al-Maqdis until it was filled, and people even sat in its upper chambers. He began to admonish them and said: Indeed, Allah Almighty has commanded me with five things, that I should act upon them and instruct you to act upon them as well. The first of these is that you worship Allah Almighty and do not associate anything with Him. Its example is like a person who, from his own wealth, buys a slave with gold or silver and says to him: This is my house, this is my work, but the slave works and gives the earnings to someone other than his master. So, which of you would like his slave to be like that? Indeed, Allah Almighty created you, He provided you sustenance, so worship Him alone and do not associate anything with Him. I also instruct you to perform prayer. When you pray, do not turn your attention here and there, because when a servant is praying and does not turn his attention elsewhere, his Lord is before him. And I command you to fast. Its example is like a person who has a pouch filled with musk, and there are some people with him who like to enjoy its fragrance. So, fasting is purer in the sight of Allah Almighty than the fragrance of musk. I command you to give charity. Its example is like a person whom the enemy captures, binds his hands to his neck, and intends to kill him. That person says: May I ransom myself to you? So he offers them more or less (as ransom) to free himself from them. I command you to remember Allah, for its example is like a person whom the enemy pursues swiftly, and then he comes to a fortress and enters it, thus protecting himself. Similarly, a servant can only protect himself from Satan through the remembrance of Allah Almighty.
The Messenger of Allah said: I command you to mention five things which Allah Almighty has commanded me: to remain with the (Muslim) community, to obey the ruler, to migrate, to strive in the way of Allah. Whoever separates from the community by even a handspan removes the collar of Islam from his neck, until he returns. And whoever claims something from the days of ignorance will enter Hell. A man asked: Even if he fasts and prays? The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Even if he fasts and prays. You should call each other by the names Allah Almighty has designated for you. He has named you Muslims and believers, O servants of Allah!
(Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) The command to remain with the community is general in wording, but a specific meaning is intended by it, because by “community” is meant the consensus of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). So, whoever adheres to what the companions agreed upon and differs from those who came after them is not considered as having separated from the community or abandoned it. But whoever separates from the community of the companions and follows anyone from those who came after them is considered as having separated from the community. After the companions, the community consists of various people who are united in religion, intellect, and knowledge, and who have abandoned following their desires, even if their number is very small. This does not refer to the common and idle people, even if they are many. The narrator named Harith Ash’ari is Sayyiduna Abu Malik Ash’ari (may Allah be pleased with him); his name is Harith bin Malik, and he resided in Syria.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) says: He gathered the people in Bayt al-Maqdis until it was filled, and people even sat in its upper chambers. He began to admonish them and said: Indeed, Allah Almighty has commanded me with five things, that I should act upon them and instruct you to act upon them as well. The first of these is that you worship Allah Almighty and do not associate anything with Him. Its example is like a person who, from his own wealth, buys a slave with gold or silver and says to him: This is my house, this is my work, but the slave works and gives the earnings to someone other than his master. So, which of you would like his slave to be like that? Indeed, Allah Almighty created you, He provided you sustenance, so worship Him alone and do not associate anything with Him. I also instruct you to perform prayer. When you pray, do not turn your attention here and there, because when a servant is praying and does not turn his attention elsewhere, his Lord is before him. And I command you to fast. Its example is like a person who has a pouch filled with musk, and there are some people with him who like to enjoy its fragrance. So, fasting is purer in the sight of Allah Almighty than the fragrance of musk. I command you to give charity. Its example is like a person whom the enemy captures, binds his hands to his neck, and intends to kill him. That person says: May I ransom myself to you? So he offers them more or less (as ransom) to free himself from them. I command you to remember Allah, for its example is like a person whom the enemy pursues swiftly, and then he comes to a fortress and enters it, thus protecting himself. Similarly, a servant can only protect himself from Satan through the remembrance of Allah Almighty.
The Messenger of Allah said: I command you to mention five things which Allah Almighty has commanded me: to remain with the (Muslim) community, to obey the ruler, to migrate, to strive in the way of Allah. Whoever separates from the community by even a handspan removes the collar of Islam from his neck, until he returns. And whoever claims something from the days of ignorance will enter Hell. A man asked: Even if he fasts and prays? The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Even if he fasts and prays. You should call each other by the names Allah Almighty has designated for you. He has named you Muslims and believers, O servants of Allah!
(Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) The command to remain with the community is general in wording, but a specific meaning is intended by it, because by “community” is meant the consensus of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). So, whoever adheres to what the companions agreed upon and differs from those who came after them is not considered as having separated from the community or abandoned it. But whoever separates from the community of the companions and follows anyone from those who came after them is considered as having separated from the community. After the companions, the community consists of various people who are united in religion, intellect, and knowledge, and who have abandoned following their desires, even if their number is very small. This does not refer to the common and idle people, even if they are many. The narrator named Harith Ash’ari is Sayyiduna Abu Malik Ash’ari (may Allah be pleased with him); his name is Harith bin Malik, and he resided in Syria.
