صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب المزارعةBook of Sharecropping
ذكر خبر ثالث يصرح بأن الزجر عن المخابرة والمزارعة اللتين نهى عنهما إنما زجر عنه إذا كان على شرط مجهول-Third report clarifying that prohibition of sharecropping and farming applies only to unknown conditions
Hadith 5199
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْقُرَشِيُّ أَبُو يَزِيدَ الْمُعَدَّلُ بِالْبَصْرَةِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فِيمَا يَحْسِبُ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ : " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَاتَلَ أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى أَلْجَأَهُمْ إِلَى قَصْرِهِمْ ، فَغَلَبَ عَلَى الأَرْضِ وَالزَّرْعِ وَالنَّخْلِ ، فَصَالَحُوهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُجْلَوْا مِنْهَا وَلَهُمْ مَا حَمَلَتْ رِكَابُهُمْ ، وَلِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الصَّفْرَاءُ وَالْبَيْضَاءُ ، وَيَخْرُجُونَ مِنْهَا ، فَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لا يَكْتُمُوا وَلا يُغَيِّبُوا شَيْئًا ، فَإِنْ فَعَلُوا فَلا ذِمَّةَ لَهُمْ وَلا عِصْمَةَ ، فَغَيَّبُوا مَسْكًا فِيهِ مَالٌ وَحُلِيٌّ لِحُيَيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ كَانَ احْتَمَلَهُ مَعَهُ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ حِينَ أُجْلِيَتِ النَّضِيرُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعَمِّ حُيَيٍّ : مَا فَعَلَ مَسْكُ حُيَيٍّ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ مِنَ النَّضِيرِ ؟ فَقَالَ : أَذْهَبَتْهُ النَّفَقَاتُ وَالْحُرُوبُ ، فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : الْعَهْدُ قَرِيبٌ وَالْمَالُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَدَفَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ ، فَمَسَّهُ بِعَذَابٍ ، وَقَدْ كَانَ حُيَيٌّ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ قَدْ دَخَلَ خَرِبَةً ، فَقَالَ : قَدْ رَأَيْتُ حُيَيًّا يَطُوفُ فِي خَرِبَةٍ هَاهُنَا ، فَذَهَبُوا فَطَافُوا ، فَوَجَدُوا الْمَسْكَ فِي خَرِبَةٍ فَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ابْنَيْ أَبِي حَقِيقٍ وَأَحَدُهُمَا زَوْجُ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَيِّ بْنِ أَخْطَبَ ، وَسَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَذَرَارِيَّهُمْ ، وَقَسَمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ لِلنَّكْثِ الَّذِي نَكَثُوهُ ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُجْلِيَهُمُ مِنْهَا ، فَقَالُوا : يَا مُحَمَّدُ دَعْنَا نَكُونُ فِي هَذِهِ الأَرْضِ نُصْلِحُهَا ، وَنَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلا لأَصْحَابِهِ غِلْمَانُ يَقُومُونَ عَلَيْهَا فَكَانُوا لا يَتَفَرَّغُونَ أَنْ يَقُومُوا ، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمُ الشَّطْرَ مِنْ كُلِّ زَرْعٍ وَنَخْلٍ وَشَيْءٍ مَا بَدَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ يَأْتِيهِمْ كُلَّ عَامٍ يَخْرُصُهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ، ثُمَّ يُضَمِّنُهُمُ الشَّطْرَ ، قَالَ : فَشَكَوْا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شِدَّةَ خَرْصِهِ ، وَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَرْشُوهُ ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ ، أَتُطْعِمُونِي السُّحْتَ ، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَحَبِّ النَّاسِ إِلَيَّ ، وَلأَنْتُمْ أَبْغَضُ إَلَيَّ مِنْ عِدَّتِكُمْ مِنَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ ، وَلا يَحْمِلُنِي بُغْضِي إِيَّاكُمْ وَحُبِّي إِيَّاهُ عَلَى أَنْ لا أَعْدِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ ، فَقَالُوا : بِهَذَا قَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالأَرْضُ . قَالَ : وَرَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِعَيْنَيْ صَفِيَّةَ خُضْرَةً ، فَقَالَ : يَا صَفِيَّةُ ، مَا هَذِهِ الْخُضَرَةُ ؟ فَقَالَتْ : كَانَ رَأْسِي فِي حِجْرِ بْنِ أَبِي حَقِيقٍ وَأَنَا نَائِمَةٌ ، فَرَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ قَمَرًا وَقَعَ فِي حِجْرِي ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِذَلِكَ فَلَطَمَنِي ، وَقَالَ : تَمَنَّيْنَ مَلِكَ يَثْرِبَ ؟ قَالَتْ : وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ أَبْغَضِ النَّاسِ إِلَيَّ قَتَلَ زَوْجِي وَأَبِي وَأَخِي ، فَمَا زَالَ يَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيَّ ، وَيَقُولُ : إِنَّ أَبَاكِ أَلَّبَ عَلَيَّ الْعَرَبَ وَفَعَلَ وَفَعَلَ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ نَفْسِي ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُعْطِي كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ ثَمَانِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ كُلَّ عَامٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَسْقًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ . فَلَمَّا كَانَ زَمَنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ غَشُّوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، وَأَلْقَوْا ابْنَ عُمَرَ مِنْ فَوْقِ بَيْتٍ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ : مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ سَهْمٌ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ فَلْيَحْضُرْ حَتَّى نَقْسِمَهَا بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَقَسَمَهَا عُمَرُ بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَقَالَ رَئِيسُهُمْ : لا تُخْرِجْنَا دَعْنَا نَكُونُ فِيهَا كَمَا أَقَرَّنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِرَئِيسِهِمْ : أَتَرَاهُ سَقَطَ عَنِّي قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَكَ : كَيْفَ بِكَ إِذَا أَفَضَتْ بِكَ رَاحِلَتُكَ نَحْوَ الشَّامِ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ يَوْمًا ، وَقَسَمَهَا عُمَرُ بَيْنَ مَنْ كَانَ شَهِدَ خَيْبَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ " .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) fought against the people of Khaybar until, when they took refuge in their fortresses and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gained dominance over their land, fields, and date orchards, they made peace with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on the condition that they would be exiled from there and could take with them whatever they could carry on their mounts, except that gold and silver would go to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). They prepared to leave. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) imposed the condition on them that they would not hide or conceal anything. If they did so, then there would be no guarantee or protection for them. They concealed a bag in which there was some wealth and jewelry belonging to Huyayy bin Akhtab, which he had brought with him to Khaybar when Banu Nadir were exiled. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked Huyayy’s uncle: “What happened to the bag that Huyayy brought from Banu Nadir?” His uncle replied: “Expenses and wars consumed everything.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Not so much time has passed; that wealth was more than enough (to be finished so soon).” Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) handed him over to Sayyiduna Zubair bin Al-Awwam. Sayyiduna Zubair (may Allah be pleased with him) beat him. Huyayy bin Akhtab had previously entered a ruin, so he said: “I saw Huyayy wandering around one of the ruins here.” People went and searched there, and they found the bag in that ruin. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) then ordered the execution of both sons of Abu Huqayq, one of whom was also the husband of Huyayy bin Akhtab’s daughter, Lady Safiyyah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took their women and children as captives and distributed their wealth among the people. When he intended to exile them from there, they said: “O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), let us stay on our land. We will work here and take care of it.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions did not have people who could look after the land and supervise it, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the land of Khaybar to them on the condition that they would receive half of the produce of the land, dates, and other things (and half would be given to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)), for as long as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wished (i.e., whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wished, he could end this agreement).
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to come there every year and estimate their produce, then require them to pay half. The narrator says: They complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the strictness of Abdullah bin Rawahah’s estimation. They had even tried to bribe him before, so Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “O enemies of Allah! Do you want to feed me what is unlawful? By Allah, I have come to you from the one who is dearest to me, and you are the most hated to me—even more than monkeys and pigs—but even so, my hatred for you and my love for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not make me unjust to you.” So they said: “It is because of this (honesty) that the heavens and the earth stand firm.” The narrator states: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a green mark on both eyes of Lady Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) and asked: “O Safiyyah! Is there a reason for this green mark?” She replied: “My head was in the lap of Abu Huqayq’s son (i.e., my former husband) and I was asleep. In my dream, I saw that the moon had fallen into my lap. (Upon waking) I told my husband about it, so he slapped me and said: ‘You desire the king of Yathrib (i.e., the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)).’” Lady Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: “At first, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was the most disliked person to me because he had caused the killing of my husband, my father, and my brother. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept explaining to me, saying: ‘Your father turned all the Arabs against me. He did this, he did that (so I was compelled to fight him).’ Until the dislike I had in my heart for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was removed.”
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give each of his wives eighty (80) wasqs of dates and twenty (20) wasqs of barley every year. When the caliphate of Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came, and (the Jews of Khaybar) began to deceive the Muslims and threw the son of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the roof of a house, Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Whoever has a specific share in Khaybar, let him come so that we may distribute it among them.” Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed it among those who were present at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and participated in the Battle of Khaybar. Their leader said: “Do not expel us (from Khaybar); let us stay here as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) let us stay.” Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to their leader: “Do you think that I have acted contrary to the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this? What will be your condition when your mount is carrying you towards Syria?” Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed the land among those who were present at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and participated in the Battle of Khaybar.
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) used to come there every year and estimate their produce, then require them to pay half. The narrator says: They complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the strictness of Abdullah bin Rawahah’s estimation. They had even tried to bribe him before, so Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “O enemies of Allah! Do you want to feed me what is unlawful? By Allah, I have come to you from the one who is dearest to me, and you are the most hated to me—even more than monkeys and pigs—but even so, my hatred for you and my love for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not make me unjust to you.” So they said: “It is because of this (honesty) that the heavens and the earth stand firm.” The narrator states: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saw a green mark on both eyes of Lady Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) and asked: “O Safiyyah! Is there a reason for this green mark?” She replied: “My head was in the lap of Abu Huqayq’s son (i.e., my former husband) and I was asleep. In my dream, I saw that the moon had fallen into my lap. (Upon waking) I told my husband about it, so he slapped me and said: ‘You desire the king of Yathrib (i.e., the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)).’” Lady Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: “At first, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was the most disliked person to me because he had caused the killing of my husband, my father, and my brother. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kept explaining to me, saying: ‘Your father turned all the Arabs against me. He did this, he did that (so I was compelled to fight him).’ Until the dislike I had in my heart for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was removed.”
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give each of his wives eighty (80) wasqs of dates and twenty (20) wasqs of barley every year. When the caliphate of Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came, and (the Jews of Khaybar) began to deceive the Muslims and threw the son of Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) from the roof of a house, Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Whoever has a specific share in Khaybar, let him come so that we may distribute it among them.” Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed it among those who were present at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and participated in the Battle of Khaybar. Their leader said: “Do not expel us (from Khaybar); let us stay here as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) let us stay.” Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to their leader: “Do you think that I have acted contrary to the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding this? What will be your condition when your mount is carrying you towards Syria?” Then Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) distributed the land among those who were present at the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and participated in the Battle of Khaybar.
