صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب السيرBook of Expeditions
باب الفداء وفك الأسرى - ذكر ما يستحب للإمام استعمال المفاداة بين المسلمين وبين الأعداء إذا رأى ذلك لهم صلاحا-Chapter on Ransom and Freeing Captives – On the recommendation for the leader to use prisoner exchange if it benefits the Muslims.
Hadith 4859
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلابَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " أَسَرَتْ ثَقِيفٌ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَأَسَرَ أَصْحَابُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَجُلا مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ مُوثَقٌ ، فَنَادَاهُ : يَا مُحَمَّدُ ، يَا مُحَمَّدُ ، فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : عَلى مَا أُحْبَسُ ؟ فَقَالَ : بِجَرِيرَةِ حُلَفَائِكَ ، ثُمَّ مَضَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَنَادَاهُ ، فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الأَسِيرُ : إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَوْ قُلْتَهَا ، وَأَنْتَ تَمْلِكُ أَمْرَكَ ، أَفْلَحْتَ كُلَّ الْفَلاحِ " ، ثُمَّ مَضَى النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَنَادَاهُ أَيْضًا ، فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ ، فَقَالَ : إِنِّي جَائِعٌ فَأَطْعِمْنِي ، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَذِهِ حَاجَتُكَ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَاهُ بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ كَانَتْ ثَقِيفٌ أَسَرَتْهُمَا ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : قَوْلُ الأَسِيرِ : إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ وَتَرْكُ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ ، كَانَ لأَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلِمَ مِنْهُ بِإِعْلامِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ إِيَّاهُ ، أَنَّهُ كَاذِبٌ فِي قَوْلِهِ ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ فِي أَسْرِهِ ، كَمَا كَانَ يَقْبَلُ مِثْلَهُ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَسِيرًا ، فَأَمَّا الْيَوْمُ فَقَدِ انْقَطَعَ الْوَحْيُ ، فَإِذَا قَالَ الْحَرْبِيُّ : إِنِّي مُسْلِمٌ ، قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ ، وَرُفِعَ عَنْهُ السَّيْفَ سَوَاءٌ كَانَ أَسِيرًا أَوْ مُحَارِبًا " .
Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: People belonging to the tribe of Thaqif captured two companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). The companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) captured a man belonging to the tribe of Banu Amir bin Sa’sa’ah. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by him while he was tied up. He addressed you (peace and blessings be upon him): O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), O Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned towards him. He asked: Why have I been imprisoned? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Because of the excesses of your allies. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) moved on, but he called you (peace and blessings be upon him) again. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned towards him. The captive submitted: I become a Muslim. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you say this, then you are the master of your own affair and you will attain complete success. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) moved on, but he called you (peace and blessings be upon him) again. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned towards him. He said: I am hungry, give me something to eat. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: This is a matter of your need. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him as ransom for the two men whom the people of Thaqif had captured. (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) The statement of this captive that I am a Muslim, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) not paying attention to his statement, the reason for this is: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had been informed by Allah Almighty that this person was lying in his statement, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not accept his confession during his captivity, as he would accept such a confession in similar situations when the person was not a captive. As for the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), the revelation had ceased, so when any enemy says: I am a Muslim, this statement will be accepted from him and the sword will be lifted from him, whether that person is a captive or a combatant.
