صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب السيرBook of Expeditions
باب الغنائم وقسمتها - ذكر السبب الذي من أجله كان يحبس المصطفى خمس خمسه وخمس الغنائم جميعا-Chapter on Spoils of War and Their Distribution – On the reason why the Prophet withheld the fifth and all the spoils at first.
Hadith 4823
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْكَلاعِيُّ بِحِمْصَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَخْبَرَتْهُ ، أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ، وَفَاطِمَةُ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا حِينَئِذٍ تَطْلُبُ صَدَقَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّتِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكَ وَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ خُمْسِ خَيْبَرَ ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " لا نُوَرَّثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ ، إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ، لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَى الْمَأْكَلِ " ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لا أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَاتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَلأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا ، فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَهَجَرَتْهُ ، فَلَمْ تُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ ، وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ ، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ دَفَنَهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ لَيْلا ، وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْ بِهَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا عَلِيٌّ ، وَكَانَ لِعَلِيٍّ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَجْهٌ حَيَاةَ فَاطِمَةَ ، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ فَاطِمَةُ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهَا انْصَرَفَتْ وجُوهُ النَّاسِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ حَتَّى أَنْكَرَهُمْ ، فَضَرَعَ عَلِيٌّ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مُصَالَحَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمُبَايَعَتِهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَايَعَ تِلْكَ الأَشْهُرَ ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَنِ ائْتِنَا وَلا يَأْتِنَا مَعَكَ أَحَدٌ ، وَكَرِهَ عَلِيٌّ أَنْ يَشْهَدَهُمَ عُمَرُ لِمَا يَعْلَمُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ عُمَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ : وَاللَّهِ لا تَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَحْدَكَ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : وَمَا عَسَى أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا بِي ، وَاللَّهِ لآتِيَنَّهُمْ ، فَدَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، فَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِيٌّ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : إِنَّا قَدْ عَرَفْنَا يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَضِيلَتَكَ ، وَمَا أَعْطَاكَ اللَّهُ ، وَإِنَّا لَمْ نَنْفَسْ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا سَاقَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ ، وَلَكِنَّكَ اسْتَبْدَدْتَ عَلَيْنَا بِالأَمْرِ ، وَكُنَّا نَرَى لَنَا حَقًّا ، وَذَكَرَ قَرَابَتَهُمْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَحَقَّهُمْ ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَكَلَّمُ ، حَتَّى فَاضَتْ عَيْنَا أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، قَالَ : وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِي ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي شَجَرَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَاتِ فَإِنِّي لَمْ آلُ فِيهَا عَنِ الْخَيْرِ ، وَإِنِّي لَمْ أَكُنْ لأَتْرُكَ فِيهَا أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَصْنَعُ فِيهَا إِلا صَنَعْتُهُ ، قَالَ عَلِيٌّ : مَوْعِدُكَ الْعَشِيَّةَ لِلْبَيْعَةِ ، فَلَمَّا أَنْ صَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ صَلاةَ الظُّهْرِ ارْتَقَى عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَتَشَهَّدَ وَذَكَرَ شَأْنَ عَلِيٍّ وَتَخَلُّفَهُ عَنِ الْبَيْعَةِ وَعُذْرَهُ بِالَّذِي اعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرَ وَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِيٌّ ، فَعَظَّمَ حَقَّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْمِلْهُ عَلَى الَّذِي صَنَعَ نَفَاسَةٌ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، وَلا إِنْكَارُ فَضِيلَتِهِ الَّتِي فَضَّلَهُ اللَّهُ بِهَا وَلَكِنَّا كُنَّا نَرَى لَنَا فِي الأَمْرِ نَصِيبًا وَاسْتَبَدَّ عَلَيْنَا ، فَوَجَدْنَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ ، وَقَالُوا لِعَلِيٍّ : أَصَبْتَ ، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ قَرِيبًا حِينَ رَاجَعَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ .
Lady Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: The daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him), Lady Fatima, sent a message to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and demanded from him her share of inheritance from the wealth which Allah had granted His Messenger as Fay (spoils of war), which was in Madinah Munawwarah and Fadak. She sought her share from the charity (lands) of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in these places, and also from what remained from the fifth of Khaybar. Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "We (the Prophets) do not leave inheritance. Whatever we leave behind is charity. The family of Muhammad (peace be upon him) may only take their sustenance from this wealth; they are not permitted to take more than their sustenance." Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I will not make any change in the charities of the Prophet (peace be upon him). They will remain in the same state as they were in the time of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and I will use them in the same way as the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to use them. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to give any of these things to Lady Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her). At this, Lady Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) became upset with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). She remained aloof from him until her death and never spoke to him. She passed away six months after the demise of the Prophet (peace be upon him). When she passed away, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) buried her at night. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) did not inform Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) about it. Her funeral prayer was led by Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). During the life of Lady Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her), people would meet Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), but after her death, people's attention turned away from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and they became strangers to him. This led him to reconcile with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and pledge allegiance to him. During those six months, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had not pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). He sent a message to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): Come to us, but let no one come with you. Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) did not like that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) should accompany him, because Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was aware of Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) stern temperament. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): By Allah! You will not go to them alone. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: They will not do anything to me. By Allah! I will surely go to them. When Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) recited the testimony of faith and then said: O Abu Bakr! We are aware of your virtue and the qualities Allah has granted you. We do not deny the goodness Allah has bestowed upon you, but in the matter of leadership, you have wronged us. Our opinion is that we have a right to it. Then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned his kinship with the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his right. They continued talking until tears flowed from the eyes of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). When Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) began to speak, he said: "By Him in Whose hand is my soul, showing kindness to the relatives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) is dearer to me than showing kindness to my own relatives. As for the matter in which there was a difference between me and you regarding these charities, I have not fallen short in doing good concerning them. I have not neglected to do anything regarding them that I saw the Prophet (peace be upon him) do. I have done exactly that." Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will meet you in the evening for the pledge of allegiance. When Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) had performed the Zuhr prayer, he ascended the pulpit, recited the testimony of faith, mentioned the matter of Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) not pledging allegiance and his excuse, and then recited the words of seeking forgiveness. Then Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) recited the testimony of faith, acknowledged the greatness of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and mentioned that what he had done was not out of anger with Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) or denial of the virtue Allah had granted him. (Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, clarified:) We thought we should have had a share in the leadership, and because of that, we were upset. (But now I am pledging allegiance.) At this, the Muslims were very happy and said to Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): You have done the right thing. When Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) returned to the correct position, the Muslims again drew close to him.
