صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب السيرBook of Expeditions
باب الغنائم وقسمتها - ذكر خبر قد يوهم غير المتبحر في صناعة العلم أنه مضاد لخبر أبي موسى الذي ذكرناه-Chapter on Spoils of War and Their Distribution – On a report that may seem to contradict the report of Abu Musa mentioned earlier.
Hadith 4814
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ، قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ إِسْهَامِ مَنْ لَمْ يَشْهَدِ الْفَتْحَ وَالْقِتَالَ ، فَقَالَ : " لا يُسْهَمُونَ أَلا تَرَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ تَدْخُلانِ مِنْ دَرْبِ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ دَرْبَيْنِ مُخْتَلِفَيْنِ ، فَتَغْنَمُ إِحْدَاهُمَا ، وَلا تَغْنَمُ الأُخْرَى ، وَإِحْدَاهُمَا قُوَّةٌ لِلأُخْرَى ، فَلا تُشْرِكُ إِحْدَاهُمَا الأُخْرَى غَنِمَا جَمِيعًا أَوْ غَنِمَ أَحَدُهُمَا بِذَلِكَ مَضَى الأَمْرُ فِيهِمْ " . قَالَ قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ : فَذَكَرْتُهُ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الزُّهْرِيَّ ، يَذْكُرُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ يُحَدِّثُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْعَاصِ ، " أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ عَلَيْهَا أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، لا تَقْسِمْ لَهُمْ فَغَضِبَ أَبَانُ وَنَالَ مِنْهُ ، قَالَ : وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ بِرُمْحِهِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَهْلا يَا أَبَانُ " ، وَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَهُمْ شَيْئًا ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : الْجَيْشُ إِذَا فَتَحَ مَوْضِعًا مِنْ مَوَاضِعِ أَعْدَاءِ اللَّهِ لَحِقَ بِهِمْ جَيْشٌ آخَرُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْدَ فَرَاغِهِمْ مِنْ فَتْحِهِمِ يَجِبُ أَنْ تُقْسَمَ الْغَنَائِمُ بَيْنَ الْجَيْشِ الَّذِي كَانَ الْفَتْحُ لَهُمْ ، فَيُسْهَمُ لِلْفَارِسِ ثَلاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ سَهْمَانِ لِفَرَسِهِ وَسَهْمٌ لَهُ ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمٌ وَاحِدٌ ، وَلا يُسْهَمُ لِمَنْ أَتَى بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ مِمَّا غَنِمُوا شَيْئًا إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْجَيْشُ الَّذِي لَحِقَ بِالْجَيْشِ الأَوَّلِ كَانُوا مَدَدًا لَهُمْ ، فَإِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ كَانُوا كَأَنَّهُمَا جَيْشٌ وَاحِدٌ أَصْلُهُمْ وَاحِدٌ ، وَيَكُونُ مَدَدُهُمْ عِنْدَ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهِمْ ، فَحِينَئِذٍ يُسْهَمُ لَهُمْ كُلِّهِمْ ، وَأَمَّا إِسْهَامُ الْمُصْطَفَى صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلأَشْعَرِيِّينَ بَعْدَمَا فَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ خُمْسٍ خَمَّسَهُ الَّذِي فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ لِيَسْتَمِيلَ بِذَلِكَ قُلُوبَهُمْ ، لا أَنَّهُمْ أُعْطُوا مِنْ مَغَانِمِ خَيْبَرَ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَشْهَدُوا فَتْحَهُ " .
Waleed bin Muslim narrates: I asked Abu Amr about giving a share to a person who did not participate in the conquest and battle. He replied: Such people will not be given any share. Have you not considered? Two groups enter (the fort) either by the same route or by two different routes. One of them obtains the spoils of war and the other does not. One group is the strength of the other, but one group does not share in the spoils of the other group, whether both have obtained the spoils or only one of them has. The decision between them is made in this way. Waleed says: I mentioned this to Saeed bin Abdul Aziz, and he informed me: I heard Zuhri narrate from Saeed bin Musayyib, from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), this statement: Sayyiduna Saeed bin Al-Aas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated this hadith: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched a military expedition towards Najd, and the commander of this expedition was Sayyiduna Aban bin Saeed bin Al-Aas (may Allah be pleased with him). After Khyber was conquered, he came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). I submitted: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Do not give them a share (from the spoils of war). So Aban became angry and expressed his displeasure. The narrator states: He pointed a spear at him, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Aban! Wait! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) refused to give those people anything (from the spoils of war). (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) When an army conquers a territory of Allah’s enemies, and then another Muslim army joins them after the conquest, it is necessary that the spoils of war be distributed only among those who achieved the conquest. (In this distribution) a horseman will be given three shares: two shares for his horse and one share for the horseman. A foot soldier will receive one share. Those who came after the conquest will not receive anything from the spoils of war. However, if the army that joined later came for assistance, then the ruling will be different, because in that case both armies will be considered as one army, as their origin is one, and if the help of the second army was needed in that battle, they would have provided it. In this case, all of them will be given a share. As for the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) giving a share to the people of the Ash’ar tribe after the conquest of Khyber, that share was given from the “khums” (one-fifth). That “khums” which Allah Almighty granted to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The purpose was to incline those people. It was not that they were given a share from the spoils of Khyber, even though they did not participate in its conquest.
