صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب العتقBook of Emancipation
باب الولاء-Chapter on Inheritance by Loyalty (Wala’)
Hadith 4325
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سِنَانَ الطَّائِيُّ بِمَنْبِجَ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ : جَاءَتْنِي بَرِيرَةُ ، فَقَالَتْ : إِِنِّي كَاتَبْتُ أَهْلِي عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ فَأَعِينِينِي . فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : إِِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ ، عَدَدْتُهَا لَهُمْ وَيَكُونُ لِي وَلاؤُكِ . فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِِلَى أَهْلِهَا ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ ، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهَا ، فَجَاءَتْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَهْلِهَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَالِسٌ ، فَقَالَتْ : إِِنِّي قَدْ عَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَوْا إِِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلاءُ لَهُمْ . فَسَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَسَأَلَهَا ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ عَائِشَةُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " خُذِيهَا وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلاءَ ، فَإِِنَّمَا الْوَلاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي النَّاسِ ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : أَمَا بَعْدُ " مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ، مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ ، وَإِِنْ كَانَ مِائَةُ شَرْطٍ ، قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ ، وَشَرْطُ اللَّهِ أَوْثَقُ ، وَإِِنَّمَا الْوَلاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ " . قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : قَوْلُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعَائِشَةَ : اشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلاءَ ، لَفْظَةُ أَمْرٍ مُرَادُهَا نَفْيُ جَوَازِ اسْتِعْمَالِ ذَلِكَ الْفِعْلِ لَوْ فَعَلَتْهُ لا الأَمْرُ بِهِ ، وَالدَّلِيلُ عَلَى صِحَّةِ هَذَا أَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي عَقِبِ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ قَامَ خَطِيبًا لِلنَّاسِ ، وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّ الْوَلاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ لا لِمَنِ اشْتَرَطَ لَهُ ، وَنَظِيرُ هَذِهِ اللفظةِ فِي السُّنَنِ قَوْلُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِبَشِيرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فِي قِصَّةِ النَّحْلِ : أَشْهِدْ عَلَى هَذَا غَيْرِي ؟ أَرَادَ بِهِ الإِِعْلامَ أَنَّكَ لَوْ فَعَلْتَ هَذَا الْفِعْلَ لَمْ يُجَزْ لأَنَّهُ جَوْرٌ ، وَلَوْ جَازَ شَهَادَةٌ غَيْرَهُ لَجَازَتْ شَهَادَتَهُ ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَوْرًا .
Sayyidah Aisha Siddiqa (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Barirah came to me and said: I have made a contract of manumission with my master for nine awqiyah, in which I have to pay one awqiyah every year, so please help me. Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: If your master wishes, I will pay them the entire amount at once and the right of wala’ (allegiance) will be mine. Barirah went to her master and told them this, but they refused to accept it and insisted that the right of wala’ should remain with them. She returned from her masters and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was present. She informed him: I made this offer to them, but they did not accept it and insisted that the right of wala’ should remain with them. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) heard this and asked Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) about it. Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) told him the whole matter. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: Buy her and let the condition of wala’ be for them, for the right of wala’ belongs to the one who sets free. Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stood among the people, praised and glorified Allah, and then said: To proceed! What is the matter with people that they impose such conditions which are not permitted in the Book of Allah? Every condition which is not permitted in the Book of Allah is invalid, even if a hundred conditions are imposed. The decision of Allah is more deserving to be fulfilled, and the condition permitted by Allah is stronger. The right of wala’ belongs to the one who sets free. (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) The statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to Sayyidah Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), “Let the condition of wala’ be for them,” is, in wording, an imperative, but what is meant is the negation of the permissibility of acting upon this deed. If she were to do so (it would not be permissible). It does not mean that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was commanding her to do so. The evidence for the correctness of this is: After this statement, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) addressed the people in a sermon and informed them that the right of wala’ belongs to the one who sets free, not to the one who imposes the condition. There are other examples of such wording in the Sunnah, such as when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to Sayyiduna Bashir bin Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) in the incident of giving a gift to one of his sons: “Make someone else a witness instead of me.” Through this, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) intended to inform that if you perform this action, it will not be permissible, because it is injustice. (Because the principle is:) If the testimony of anyone other than the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) were permissible, then the testimony of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) should also have been permissible. And this act would not have been injustice.
