Hadith 3308
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْحُبَابِ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الُوَلِيدِ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْمُنْذِرَ بْنَ جَرِيرٍ ، يُحَدِّثُ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : كُنَّا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ صَدْرِ النَّهَارِ ، فَجَاءَ قَوْمٌ حُفَاةٌ عُرَاةٌ مُجْتَابِي النِّمَارِ عَلَيْهِمْ سُيُوفٌ ، عَامَّتُهُمْ مِنْ مُضَرَ ، بَلْ كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ مُضَرَ ، فَرَأَيْتُ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَغَيَّرَ لِمَا رَأَى مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الْفَاقَةِ ، قَالَ : فَدَخَلَ ، فَأَمَرَ بِلالا ، فَأَذَّنَ ، ثُمَّ أَقَامَ ، فَخَرَجَ ، فَصَلَّى ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا سورة النساء آية 1 ، اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْتَنْظُرْ نَفْسٌ مَا قَدَّمَتْ لِغَدٍ سورة الحشر آية 18 ، يَتَصَدَّقُ امْرُؤٌ مِنْ دِينَارِهِ ، وَمِنْ دِرْهَمِهِ ، وَمِنْ ثَوْبِهِ ، وَمِنْ صَاعِ بُرِّهِ ، وَمِنْ صَاعِ شَعِيرِهِ " ، حَتَّى ذَكَرَ شِقَّ تَمْرَةٍ ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ بِصُرَّةٍ كَادَتْ تَعْجِزُ كَفَاهُ ، بَلْ قَدْ عَجَزَتْ ، ثُمَّ تَتَابَعَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَوْمَيْنِ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ وَالطَّعَامِ ، فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَهَلَّلَ حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ مُذْهَبَةٌ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " مَنْ سَنَّ فِي الإِسْلامِ سُنَّةً حَسَنَةً ، فَعَمِلَ بِهَا مَنْ بَعْدَهُ ، كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرُهَا وَأَجْرُ مَنْ يَعْمَلُ بِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ، وَمَنْ سَنَّ سَنَّةً سَيِّئَةً ، فَعَمِلَ بِهَا مَنْ بَعْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وِزْرُهَا ، وَوِزْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ " ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : هَذَا الْخَبَرُ دَالٌ عَلَى أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلا : لا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى سورة الأنعام آية 164 أَرَادَ بِهِ بَعْضَ الأَوْزَارِ لا الْكَلَّ ، إِذْ أَخْبَرَ الْمُبَيِّنُ عَنْ مُرَادِ اللَّهِ جَلَّ وَعَلا فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنَّ مَنْ سَنَّ فِي الإِسْلامِ سُنَّةً سَيِّئَةً ، فَعَمِلَ بِهَا مَنْ بَعْدَهُ ، كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وِزْرُهَا وَوِزْرُ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ ، فَكَأَنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلا قَالَ : لا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى إِلا مَا أَخْبَرَكُمْ رَسُولِي صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهَا تَزِرُ ، وَالْمُصْطَفَى صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَقُلْ ذَلِكَ ، وَلا خَصَّ عُمُومَ الْخِطَابِ بِهَذَا الْقَوْلِ إِلا مِنَ اللَّهِ ، شَهِدَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ ، حَيْثُ قَالَ : وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى إِنْ هُوَ إِلا وَحْيٌ يُوحَى سورة النجم آية 3 - 4 صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَنَظِيرُ هَذَا قَوْلُهُ جَلَّ وَعَلا : وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ سورة الأنفال آية 41 ، فَهَذَا خَطَّابٌ عَلَى الْعُمُومِ ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : لا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى سورة الأنعام آية 164 ، ثُمَّ قَالَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ " ، فَأَخْبَرَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ السَّلَبَ لا يُخَمَّسُ ، وَأَنَّ الْقَلِيلَ يَكُونُ مُنْفَرِدًا بِهِ ، فَهَذَا تَخْصِيصُ بَيَانٍ لِذَلِكَ الْعُمُومِ الْمُطَلَقِ .
Munzir bin Jarir narrates from his father: Those people were present with the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the forenoon when some people came to him whose bodies were inadequately clothed and who had no shoes on their feet. They had wrapped themselves in skins and had swords hanging from them. Most of them belonged to the tribe of Mudar, rather, all of them belonged to the tribe of Mudar. When the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) observed their poverty and destitution, I saw the concern on his blessed face. The narrator says: The Prophet (peace be upon him) went into the house and ordered Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him), who then gave the call to prayer (adhan), then he gave the iqamah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) came out and led the prayer. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "(The command of Allah, the Exalted, is:) O people! Fear your Lord, who created you from a single soul and created from it its mate and spread from them many men and women. Fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and maintain the ties of kinship. Indeed, Allah is ever an Observer over you." (In another place, Allah, the Exalted, says:) "Fear Allah, and let every soul look to what it has sent forth for tomorrow." (The Prophet, peace be upon him, said:) A man should give charity from his dinar, from his dirham, from his clothing, a sa’ of wheat, a sa’ of barley, until the Prophet (peace be upon him) even mentioned half a date. (The narrator says:) A man from the Ansar came with a bag which he could barely carry, he was struggling to lift it. Then people began to bring things one after another, until I saw two heaps of clothes and food in front of the Prophet (peace be upon him). I saw the blessed face of the Prophet (peace be upon him) shining like gold. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever initiates a good practice in Islam and it is acted upon after him, he will have its reward and the reward of those who act upon it after him. And whoever initiates an evil practice in Islam and it is acted upon after him, he will bear its sin and the sin of those who act upon it after him." (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) This narration indicates that Allah’s statement, "No bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another," refers to some types of burdens, not all types, because the one who explained Allah’s intent (the Prophet) has informed us that whoever initiates an evil practice in Islam and it is acted upon after him, the burden of that evil will be upon him, and whoever acts upon that evil after him, its burden will also be upon him. Thus, it is as if Allah, the Exalted, has said that no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another, except for that which My Messenger has informed you that he will bear, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) has said this under the command of Allah, and he has specified the generality of this address under Allah’s command. The evidence for this is Allah’s statement: "This Messenger does not speak from his own desire; it is only a revelation revealed to him." Its example is Allah’s statement: "Know that whatever spoils of war you obtain, a fifth of it is for Allah." So this address is general, just as Allah’s statement: "No bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another." Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said that whoever kills someone, the belongings of the slain will go to the killer. So the Prophet (peace be upon him) informed here that the belongings found on the slain are not included in the spoils of war, and even a small amount will go to the killer, so this is a specification of that absolute general command.
