صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الزكاةBook of Zakat
باب فرض الزكاة - ذكر الإباحة للإمام ضمانه عن بعض رعيته صدقة مالهChapter: Obligation of Zakat – Permitting the Imam to Guarantee Charity on Behalf of Some of His Subjects
Hadith 3273
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُشْكَانَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا شَبَابَةُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا وَرْقَاءُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزِّنَادٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْرَجُ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ ، يَقُولُ : بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ ، فَمَنَعَ ابْنُ جَمِيلٍ ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ الُوَلِيدِ ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَا يَنْقِمُ ابْنُ جَمِيلٍ إِلا أَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا ، فَأَغْنَاهُ اللَّهُ ، وَأَمَّا خَالِدٌ ، فَإِنَّكُمْ تَظْلِمُونَ خَالِدًا ، لَقَدِ احْتَبَسَ أَدْرَاعَهُ وَأَعْتَادَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ، وَأَمَّا الْعَبَّاسُ ، فَعَمُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَهُوَ عَلَيَّ وَمِثْلُهَا " ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " أَمَا شَعَرْتَ أَنَّ عَمَّ الرَّجُلِ صِنُوُ الرَّجُلِ أَوْ صِنُوُ أَبِيهِ " ، قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ : قَوْلُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " وَأَمَّا خَالِدٌ فَإِنَّكُمْ تَظْلِمُونَ خَالِدًا ، قَدِ احْتَبَسَ أَدْرَاعَهُ وَأَعْتَادَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ " ، يُرِيدُ : إِنَّكُمْ تَظْلِمُونَهُ أَنَّهُ حَبَسَ مَالَهُ مِنَ الأَدْرَاعِ وَالأَعْتَادِ حَتَّى لَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُ مَالٌ تَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَقَةُ ، وَقَوْلُهُ فِي شَأْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ : " هُوَ عَلَيَّ وَمِثْلُهَا " يُرِيدُ أَنَّ صَدَقَتَهُ عَلَيَّ أَنِّي ضَامِنٌ عَنْهُ ، وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ ثَانِيَةٍ مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ ، وَقَدْ رَوَى شُعَيْبُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ ، وَقَالَ فِي شَأْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ : " فَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ صَدَقَةٌ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا " ، وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعْنَاهُ : فَهِيَ لَهُ صَدَقَةٌ ، لأَنَّ الْعَرَبَ فِي لُغَتِهَا تَقُولُ : " عَلَيْهِ " بِمَعْنَى لَهُ ، قَالَ اللَّهُ : أُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ سورة الرعد آية 25 يُرِيدُ : عَلَيْهِمُ اللَّعْنَةُ ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ لَمْ يَحِلَّ لَهُ أَخَذُ الصَّدَقَةِ مِنْ وَجْهَيْنِ ، أَحَدُهُمَا : أَنَّهُ كَانَ غَنِيًّا لا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَخَذُ الصَّدَقَةِ الْفَرِيضَةِ ، وَالأُخْرَى : أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ صِبَيَةِ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ ، فَكَيْفَ يَتْرُكُ الْمُصْطَفَى صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَدَقَتَهُ عَلَيْهِ ، وَهُوَ لا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَخَذُهَا ، وَيَمْنَعُهَا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مِنَ الْفُقَرَاءِ ؟ وَقَدْ رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ هَذَا الْخَبَرَ ، وَقَالَ فِي شَأْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ : " فَهِيَ لَهُ وَمِثْلُهَا مَعَهَا " يُرِيدُ : فَهِيَ لَهُ عَلَيَّ ، كَمَا قَالَ وَرْقَاءُ بْنُ عُمَرَ فِي خَبَرِهِ .
Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) to collect zakat, so Ibn Jameel, Khalid bin Walid, and Sayyiduna Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib (may Allah be pleased with him) refused to give zakat. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Ibn Jameel is only angry because he was poor and Allah Almighty made him prosperous. As for Khalid, you have wronged Khalid; he has already set aside his armors and equipment in the way of Allah. As for Abbas, he is the uncle of the Messenger of Allah, so the payment of his zakat and an equal amount more is my responsibility. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do you not know that a man’s uncle is in the place of the man (the narrator is unsure if these are the words) or in the place of the man’s father. (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:): The statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) regarding Khalid, “You have wronged Khalid because he has set aside his armors and equipment in the way of Allah,” means: You are wronging him because he has withheld his armors and other equipment from his wealth until he has no wealth left upon which zakat is obligatory. And regarding Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet’s statement that the payment of an equal amount is my responsibility, means: The payment of their zakat is my responsibility and I am their guarantor, and along with it, I am also the guarantor of an equal amount of charity that will be obligatory upon them next year. Shu‘aib bin Abu Hamzah narrated this report from Abu Zinad, who narrated regarding Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) these words: “This is obligatory upon him and along with it, an equal amount is obligatory.” So it is possible that this means that this is charity for them, because the Arabs in their idiom say, “It is obligatory upon him,” meaning that he will receive it. As Allah Almighty says: “These are the ones for whom there is a curse and for them is an evil abode.” This means: There is a curse upon these people. It was not permissible for Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) to take zakat. There are two reasons for this. One reason is: He was a wealthy person. It was not permissible for him to take obligatory zakat. The second reason is: He was from the descendants of Hashim, so how could it be that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) would forgo the obligatory zakat upon him while it was not permissible for him to take zakat, and the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade giving zakat to the poor members of his family. As Musa bin Uqbah narrated from Abu Zinad, in which regarding Sayyiduna Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) these words are mentioned: “So this will be given to them and an equal amount will be given to them along with it.” By this is meant: Its payment is my responsibility on their behalf. Just as Waraqah bin Umar, the narrator, has narrated these words in his narration.
