صحیح ابن حبان
Ibn Hibban
كتاب الإيمانBook of Faith
باب فرض الإيمان - ذكر إيجاب الجنة لمن شهد لله جل وعلا بالوحدانية مع تحريم النار عليه به-Chapter: Obligation of Faith – Affirmation of Paradise for one who testifies to Allah’s oneness, with Hellfire forbidden for him
Hadith 199
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا حَرْمَلَةُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي حَيْوَةُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْهَادِ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيَمَ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ ، عَنْ سُهِيَلِ بْنِ بَيْضَاءَ ، مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ ، قَالَ : بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ فِي سَفَرٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَجَلَسَ مَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ، وَلَحِقَهُ مَنْ كَانَ خَلْفَهُ ، حَتَّى اجْتَمَعُوا ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " إِنَّهُ مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنْ لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ حَرَّمَهُ الِلَّهِ عَلَى النَّارِ ، وَأَوْجَبَ لَهُ الْجَنَّةَ " قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ رَضِيَ الِلَّهِ عَنْهُ : هَذَا خَبَرٌ خَرَجَ خِطَابُهُ عَلَى حَسَبِ الْحَالِ ، وَهُوَ مِنَ الضَّرْبِ الَّذِي ذَكَرْتُ فِي كِتَابِ فُصُولُ السُّنَنِ ، أَنَّ الْخَبَرَ كَانَ خِطَابُهُ عَلَى حَسَبِ الْحَالِ لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ يُحْكَمَ بِهِ فِي كُلِّ الأَحْوَالِ ، وَكُلُّ خِطَابٍ كَانَ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى حَسَبِ الْحَالِ ، فَهُوَ عَلَى ضَرْبَيْنِ : أَحَدُهُمَا : وُجُودُ حَالَةٍ مِنْ أَجْلِهَا ذَكَرَ مَا ذَكَرَ لَمْ تُذْكَرْ تِلْكَ الْحَالَةُ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الْخَبَرِ ، وَالثَّانِي : أَسْئِلَةٌ سُئِلَ عَنْهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى الِلَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَجَابَ عَنْهَا بِأَجْوِبَةٍ ، فَرُوِيَتْ عَنْهُ تِلْكَ الأَجْوِبَةُ مِنْ غَيْرِ تِلْكَ الأَسْئِلَةِ ، فَلا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُحْكَمَ بِالْخَبَرِ كَانَ هَذَا نَعَتُهُ فِي كُلِّ الأَحْوَالِ دُونَ أَنْ يُضَمَّ مُجْمَلُهُ إِلَى مُفَسَّرِهِ ، وَمُخْتَصَرُهُ إِلَى مُتَقَصَّاهُ .
Sayyiduna Sahl bin Bayda’ (may Allah be pleased with him), who belonged to Banu Abdud-Dar, narrates: Once we were traveling with the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and he made those ahead of him sit down, and those who were behind him caught up with him. When the people gathered together, the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Indeed, whoever testifies that there is no deity except Allah, Allah will make the Hellfire forbidden for him and will make Paradise obligatory for him.” (Imam Ibn Hibban, may Allah have mercy on him, says:) In this narration, the address of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is in reference to a specific context of the situation, and it belongs to the category which I have mentioned in the book “Mughool al-Sunan.” That when a narration contains an address with a specific context, then it is not permissible to issue a ruling based on it in all situations, and every address that was issued by the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) with a specific context will have two types: one type is that it will be in the presence of a certain situation, and because of that situation, that thing was mentioned. That situation will not have been mentioned along with the report. The second case is: some questions would have been asked to the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), and he would have given answers to them, so those answers were narrated but the questions were not narrated, so now it is not permissible for anyone to issue a ruling based on that narration, which applies to every situation. In this, neither the concise and the detailed, nor the general and the specific, have been taken into consideration.
