Sahifah Hammam

Hadith Commentary:
In the hadith, there is mention of the Israelite prophet Yusha (alayhis salam), who had set out for jihad when the time for the Asr prayer arrived.
He supplicated, and Allah accepted his supplication; this is what is called a miracle (mu‘jizah).
Its occurrence is a truth. In earlier times, the spoils of war (amwal-e-ghanīmah) were not lawful for the warriors; rather, a fire would descend from the sky and consume them, which was a sign of acceptance by Allah.
To commit treachery (khiyanah) with the spoils of war was a grave sin in earlier times as well, and the same ruling applies now.
However, for the Muslim ummah, Allah has made the spoils of war lawful.
They will be distributed according to the ruling of the Shari‘ah.
By weakness and humility, it is meant that the Muslims were poor and destitute, and would present themselves before the Lord with humility and submissiveness. Their humility was pleasing to the Lord, and this honor was granted that the spoils of war were made lawful for them.
We ask those foolish priests who consider taking spoils of war to be a great flaw: your own co-religionists, the Christians, swallow up the lands and treasuries of others.
They do not even belch.
Wherever they conquer a country, they appoint their own people to all honorable positions, and do not care in the least for the people of that land. Then what is this if not plunder?
It is even worse than plunder.
Plunder lasts but for a moment,
while oppressive administration continues for hundreds of years.
Ma‘adh Allah! The noble Gospel itself is like this: they do not see the beam in their own eye, but see the speck in the eye of another.
(Wahidi)

Hadith Commentary:
1.
This was the Prophet Yusha‘ bin Nun (alayhis salam).
He requested Allah to stop the sun from moving so that he could conquer the town, and thus it was halted until the town was conquered.
(Fath al-Bari: 6/268)
The reason given for this is that it was a Friday.
If the sun had not stopped and had set, then Saturday would have begun.
On account of the sanctity of that day, fighting was prohibited.
It was possible that the enemy could have received military reinforcements and conquering it would have become difficult.

2.
For the previous prophets (alayhimus salam), the rule regarding war booty (mal-e-ghanīmah) was that they would gather the spoils of war in one place on the battlefield.
A fire would descend from the sky and consume it.
If anyone had committed treachery in it, the fire would not consume it; likewise, this was also the rule for knowing the acceptance of sacrifices.
Allah, the Exalted, has bestowed great favor and grace upon this ummah by making the spoils of war lawful for them, although the gravity of treachery regarding war booty has been maintained.
The humility and destitution of the Muslims of this ummah before Allah reached such a degree that war booty was made lawful for them.
This is a distinction of this ummah which was not granted to other communities.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
For participation in jihad, one's heart should be free from all kinds of distractions. Therefore, if someone has married but the wife has not yet moved in and the husband and wife have not yet been together, he should bring his wife home and have marital relations with her before going to battle, so that his heart is free from all kinds of thoughts and is fully devoted to jihad.

(2)
Allamah Ibn Munir rahimahullah has written:
This refutes the common people who hold the view that one should perform Hajj before marriage so that chastity and purity are ensured. In reality, one should marry before performing Hajj so that his heart is cleansed from evil thoughts, and then by performing Hajj, his spirituality will increase.
(Fath al-Bari: 9/279)

Hadith Commentary:
Vocabulary of the Hadith:
(1)
Malaka bud‘a imra’ah:
He married a woman and thus gained the right to have relations with her.
(2)
Wa lamma yabn:
He has acquired the right to establish relations,
but has not yet availed himself of it.
(3)
Suqf:
Plural of saqf,
roof.
Khilafat:
Plural of khilfah,
pregnant,
expectant.

Benefits and Issues:
This refers to the Prophet Yusha‘ bin Nun alayhis salam,
who, on a Friday,
at the time of ‘Asr when only a little time was left before sunset,
arrived with his army near a settlement called Ariha and addressed the sun, requesting Allah ta‘ala to slow down its movement or to stop it,
so that he could conquer the settlement before sunset. Allah ta‘ala, as a miracle, slowed down the sun’s movement or stopped it for him.
For previous nations, it was not permissible to use war booty for personal benefit;
it would be gathered together,
and fire would descend from the sky and consume it.
And from this hadith, it is also established that responsibility should be assigned to one
who can fulfill it with a free mind,
whose heart is not preoccupied with other matters,
because in such a case, he will not be able to apply his full attention and effort to the task,
and thus the work will not be accomplished properly.

Note:
...
The incident of the sun being stopped
is also narrated regarding ‘Ali radi Allahu anhu, that his prayer time was passing,
because the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was sleeping with his head on his thigh, so the sun was brought back.
When ‘Ali radi Allahu anhu had performed the prayer, it set.
The question arises: did he not pray with the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam?
If, for some reason, it was missed, then when the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam wanted to sleep with his head on his thigh, why did he not inform him that he still had to pray?
Then, if due to necessity there is a delay, as long as even one rak‘ah’s time remains, the prayer can be performed,
and it can also be performed after sunset,
as in the Battle of Khandaq, the detachment of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and ‘Umar radi Allahu anhu performed the prayer after sunset.
Why then was the sun not brought back for the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and the Messenger’s statement is that the sun was only stopped for Yusha‘ bin Nun,
and not for any other human being.
Therefore, there is a difference of opinion regarding the authenticity of this hadith;
some imams have declared it fabricated, and some authentic.
But if it is established with a sound chain, then it would be a miracle of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as a result of his supplication, and a miracle is an act of Allah,
there is no objection in this,
the only question is the authenticity of the chain.