سنن نسائي
Sunan an-Nasa'i
كتاب القسامة والقود والديات
The Book of Oaths (qasamah), Retaliation and Blood Money
بَابُ : تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى { وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ }
Chapter: The Meaning Of The Saying Of Allah, The Most High: 'And If You Judge, Judge With Justice Between Them"
Hadith 4736
أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى ، قَالَ : أَنْبَأَنَا عَلِيٌّ وَهُوَ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنْ ابنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : " كَانَ قُرَيْظَةُ , وَالنَّضِيرُ وَكَانَ النَّضِيرُ أَشْرَفَ مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ ، وَكَانَ إِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ رَجُلًا مِنْ النَّضِيرِ قُتِلَ بِهِ ، وَإِذَا قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ النَّضِيرِ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ أَدَّى مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ ، فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , قَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ النَّضِيرِ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْظَةَ ، فَقَالُوا : ادْفَعُوهُ إِلَيْنَا نَقْتُلْهُ ، فَقَالُوا : بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَتَوْهُ , فَنَزَلَتْ : وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ سورة المائدة آية 42 , وَالْقِسْطُ : النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ : أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ سورة المائدة آية 50 " .
´It was narrated from Simak, from 'Ikrimah, that Ibn 'Abbas said:` "There were (the two tribes of) Quraizah and An-Nadir, and An-Nadir was nobler than Quraiaah. If a man of Quraizah Killed a man of An-Nadir, he would be killed in return, but if a man of An-Nadir killed a man of Quraizah, he would pay a Diyah of one hundred Wasqs of dates. When An-Nadir killed a man of Quraizah, and they said: 'Hand him over to us and we will kill him.' They said: 'Between us and you (as judge) is the Prophet.' So they came to him, then the following was revealed: "And if you judge, judge with justice between them."[3] Al-Qisl (justice) means a soul for a soul. Then the following was revealed: "Do they then seek the judgment of (the days of) Ignorance?"[4]
Hadith 4737
أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَمِّي ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، عَنْ ابْنِ إِسْحَاق ، أَخْبَرَنِي دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : " أَنَّ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي فِي الْمَائِدَةِ الَّتِي قَالَهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى الْمُقْسِطِينَ سورة المائدة آية 42 إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الدِّيَةِ بَيْنَ النَّضِيرِ , وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْظَةَ ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ قَتْلَى النَّضِيرِ كَانَ لَهُمْ شَرَفٌ يُودَوْنَ الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً ، وَأَنَّ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ كَانُوا يُودَوْنَ نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ ، فَتَحَاكَمُوا فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ذَلِكَ فِيهِمْ ، فَحَمَلَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ فِي ذَلِكَ , فَجَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ سَوَاءً " .
´It was narrated from Dawud hin Al-Husain, from 'Ikrimah, from Ibn 'Abbas, that the Verses in AL-Ma'idah, in which Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, says:` "Either judge between them, or turn away from them. If you turn away from then up to: those who act justly."[1] - were revealed concerning the matter of blood money between An-Nadir and Quraizah. That was because the slain of An-Nadir were of noble status, so the blood money would be paid in full for them, but for Banu Quraizah only half of the blood money would be paid. They referred the matter to the Messenger of Allah for judgment, then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed that concerning them, so the Messenger of Allah told them to do the right thing and he made the blood money equal.
