سنن نسائي
Sunan an-Nasa'i
كتاب تحريم الدم
The Book Of Fighting (The Prohibition Of Bloodshed)
بَابُ : الْحُكْمِ فِي الْمُرْتَدِّ
Chapter: The Ruling on Apostates
Hadith 4062
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْأَزْهَرِ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاق بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الرَّازِيُّ ، قَالَ : أَنْبَأَنَا الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ، عَنْ مَطَرٍ الْوَرَّاقِ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِإِحْدَى ثَلَاثٍ : رَجُلٌ زَنَى بَعْدَ إِحْصَانِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ الرَّجْمُ ، أَوْ قَتَلَ عَمْدًا فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَوَدُ ، أَوِ ارْتَدَّ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَتْلُ " .
´It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that:` 'Uthman said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah [SAW] say: 'It is not permissible to shed the blood of a Muslim except in three cases: A man who commits adultery after having married; or one who kills intentionally, in which case he deserves retaliation; or one who apostatizes after having become Muslim, in which case he deserves to be killed.'"
Hadith 4063
أَخْبَرَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِهَابٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، قَالَ : أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ ، عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " لَا يَحِلُّ دَمُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِثَلَاثٍ : أَنْ يَزْنِيَ بَعْدَ مَا أُحْصِنَ ، أَوْ يَقْتُلَ إِنْسَانًا فَيُقْتَلَ ، أَوْ يَكْفُرَ بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ فَيُقْتَلَ " .
´It was narrated that 'Uthman bin 'Affan said:` "I heard the Messenger of Allah [SAW] say: 'It is not permissible to shed the blood of a Muslim except in three cases: A man who commits adultery after having married; or one who kills another person, who is to be killed; or who reverts to Kufr after having accepted Islam, who is to be killed.'"
Hadith 4064
أَخْبَرَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مُوسَى ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، قَالَ : قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ " .
´Ibn 'Abbas said:` "The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Whoever changes his religion, kill him.'"
Hadith 4065
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هِشَامٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، أَنَّ نَاسًا ارْتَدُّوا ، عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ , فَحَرَّقَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ بِالنَّارِ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : لَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَا لَمْ أُحَرِّقْهُمْ ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لَا تُعَذِّبُوا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا " , وَلَوْ كُنْتُ أَنَا لَقَتَلْتُهُمْ ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ " .
´It was narrated from 'Ikrimah:` "Some people apostatized after accepting Islam, and 'Ali burned them with fire. Ibn 'Abbas said: 'If it had been me, I would not have burned them; the Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'No one should be punished with the punishment of Allah.' If it had been me, I would have killed them; the Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Whoever changes his religion, kill him.'"
Hadith 4066
أَخْبَرَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ، قَالَ : أَنْبَأَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، قَالَ : أَنْبَأَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل ، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ " .
´It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said:` "The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Whoever changes his religion, kill him.'"
Hadith 4067
أَخْبَرَنِي هِلَالُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ " .
´It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said:` "The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Whoever changes his religion, kill him.'"
Hadith 4068
أَخْبَرَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ الْحَسَنِ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ " . قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد الرَّحْمَنِ : وَهَذَا أَوْلَى بِالصَّوَابِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبَّادٍ .
´It was narrated that Al-Hasan said:` "The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Whoever changes his religion, kill him.'"
Hadith 4069
أَخْبَرَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عِيسَى ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ " .
´It was narrated from Anas that :` Ibn 'Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Whoever changes his religion, kill him.'"
Hadith 4070
أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا أُتِيَ بِنَاسٍ مِنَ الزُّطِّ يَعْبُدُونَ وَثَنًا فَأَحْرَقَهُمْ ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : إِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ " .
´It was narrated from Anas that :` 'Ali came to some people of Az-Zutt, who worshipped idols, and burned them. Ibn 'Abbas said: "But the Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: 'Whoever changes his religion, kill him.'"
Hadith 4071
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا قُرَّةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ , عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ ، قَالَ : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ، إِنِّي رَسُولُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ . فَأَلْقَى لَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى وِسَادَةً لِيَجْلِسَ عَلَيْهَا , فَأُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ كَانَ يَهُودِيًّا فَأَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ كَفَرَ ، فَقَالَ مُعَاذٌ : " لَا أَجْلِسُ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ , قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ " ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ , فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ قَعَدَ .
´It was narrated from Abu Burdah bin Abi Musa Al-Ash'ari, from his father:` "That the Prophet [SAW] sent him to Yemen, then he sent Mu'adh bin Jabal after that. When he arrived he said: 'O people, I am the envoy of the Messenger of Allah [SAW] to you.' Abu Musa gave him a cushion to sit down, then a man was brought who had been a Jew, then he became a Muslim, then he reverted to Kufr. Mu'adh said: 'I will not sit down until he is killed; this is the decree of Allah and His Messenger,' (saying it) three times. When he was killed, he sat down."
Hadith 4072
أَخْبَرَنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُفَضَّلٍ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَسْبَاطٌ ، قَالَ : زَعَمَ السُّدِّيُّ ، عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَمَّنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النَّاسَ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ نَفَرٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ ، وَقَالَ : " اقْتُلُوهُمْ ، وَإِنْ وَجَدْتُمُوهُمْ مُتَعَلِّقِينَ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ " . عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ خَطَلٍ ، وَمَقِيسُ بْنُ صُبَابَةَ ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي السَّرْحِ ، فَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ خَطَلٍ فَأُدْرِكَ وَهُوَ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَاسْتَبَقَ إِلَيْهِ سَعِيدُ بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ ، وَعَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ فَسَبَقَ سَعِيدٌ عَمَّارًا ، وَكَانَ أَشَبَّ الرَّجُلَيْنِ , فَقَتَلَهُ ، وَأَمَّا مَقِيسُ بْنُ صُبَابَةَ فَأَدْرَكَهُ النَّاسُ فِي السُّوقِ فَقَتَلُوهُ ، وَأَمَّا عِكْرِمَةُ فَرَكِبَ الْبَحْرَ فَأَصَابَتْهُمْ عَاصِفٌ ، فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ السَّفِينَةِ : أَخْلِصُوا ، فَإِنَّ آلِهَتَكُمْ لَا تُغْنِي عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا هَاهُنَا . فَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ : وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ لَمْ يُنَجِّنِي مِنَ الْبَحْرِ إِلَّا الْإِخْلَاصُ لَا يُنَجِّينِي فِي الْبَرِّ غَيْرُهُ ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ لَكَ عَلَيَّ عَهْدًا إِنْ أَنْتَ عَافَيْتَنِي مِمَّا أَنَا فِيهِ ، أَنْ آتِيَ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَتَّى أَضَعَ يَدِي فِي يَدِهِ ، فَلَأَجِدَنَّهُ عَفُوًّا كَرِيمًا . فَجَاءَ فَأَسْلَمَ ، وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي السَّرْحِ ، فَإِنَّهُ اخْتَبَأَ عِنْدَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ، فَلَمَّا دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النَّاسَ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ جَاءَ بِهِ حَتَّى أَوْقَفَهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، بَايِعْ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ : فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثًا كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يَأْبَى فَبَايَعَهُ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ ، فَقَالَ : " أَمَا كَانَ فِيكُمْ رَجُلٌ رَشِيدٌ يَقُومُ إِلَى هَذَا حَيْثُ رَآنِي كَفَفْتُ يَدِي عَنْ بَيْعَتِهِ فَيَقْتُلُهُ " . فَقَالُوا : وَمَا يُدْرِينَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ هَلَّا ، أَوْمَأْتَ إِلَيْنَا بِعَيْنِكَ ؟ قَالَ : " إِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ خَائِنَةُ أَعْيُنٍ " .
´It was narrated from Mus'ab bin Sa'd that his father said:` "On the day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah [SAW] granted amnesty to the people, except four men and two women. He said: 'Kill them, even if you find them clinging to the covers of Ka'bah.' (They were) 'Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl, 'Abdullah bin Khatal, Miqyas bin Subabah and 'Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi As-Sarh. 'Abdullah bin Khatl was caught while he was clinging to the covers of Ka'bah. Sa'eed bin Huraith and 'Ammar bin Yasir both rushed toward him, but Sa'eed, who was the younger of the two, got there before 'Ammar, and he killed him. Miqyas bin Subabah was caught by the people in the marketplace, and they killed him. 'Ikrimah traveled by sea, and he was caught in a storm. The crew of the ship said: 'Turn sincerely toward Allah, for your (false) gods cannot help you at all in this situation.' 'Ikrimah said: 'By Allah, if nothing came to save me at sea except sincerity toward Allah then nothing else will save me on land. O Allah, I promise You that if You save me from this predicament I will go to Muhammad [SAW] and put my hand in his, and I am sure that I will find him generous and forgiving.' So he came, and accepted Islam. 'Abdullah (bin Sa'd) bin Abi Sarh hid in the house of 'Uthman bin 'Affan, and when the Messenger of Allah [SAW] called the people to give their Oath of Allegiance, he brought him, and made him stand before the Prophet [SAW]. He ('Uthman) said: 'O Messenger of Allah! Accept the allegiance of 'Abdullah.' He raised his head and looked at him three times, refusing his allegiance each time, then he accepted his allegiance after three times. Then he turned to his Companions and said: 'Was there not any sensible man among you who would get up when he saw me refusing to give him my hand and kill him?' They said: 'We did not know, O Messenger of Allah, what was in your heart. Why did you not gesture to us with your eyes?' He said: 'It is not befitting for a Prophet that his eyes be deceitful.'"
