Nasai

614. Commentary: It is understood from this that there is no disliked (makruh) time for making up (qada) obligatory prayers; whenever one remembers or wakes up, one should perform the prayer. This is the position of the majority of the scholars. The narration regarding disliked times is for voluntary (nafl) prayers without a reason. However, the Hanafi opinion is that during the times of sunrise, sunset, and zenith (istiwā’), the prayer should be delayed, but many narrations that have already been mentioned indicate the permissibility of performing obligatory prayers during these times.

Explanation:
The purpose of Imam Bukhari rahimahullah here is to refute those people who say that a missed (qada) prayer should be performed twice: once when it is remembered, and a second time at its appointed time on the following day. On this occasion, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam recited the noble verse «واقم الصلوٰة لذكري» for this reason: that whenever a missed prayer is remembered, that very moment is its (appointed) time. It should be performed at that very time.

The commentators write:
«في الاية وجوه من المعاني اقربها مناسبة بذلك الحديث ان يقال اقم الصلوٰة وقت ذكرها فان ذكرالصلوٰة هو ذكرالله تعالىٰ اويقدر المضاف فيقال اقم الصلوٰة وقت ذكر صلوٰتي» — that is, establish the prayer at the time when it is remembered.

Hadith Commentary:
With this, the purpose of Imam Bukhari rahimahullah is to refute those who say that a missed (qada) prayer should be performed twice: once when it is remembered, and a second time on the following day at its original appointed time.
On this occasion, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam recited the noble verse: “And establish the prayer for My remembrance” (), in order to clarify that the time for a missed prayer (qada) is whenever it is remembered.
It should be performed at that very moment.
The commentators write:
In the verse, there are several possible meanings; the closest in relevance to this hadith is to say: “Establish the prayer at the time of its remembrance, for the remembrance of the prayer is the remembrance of Allah Ta’ala.” Or, the omitted word may be understood, so it would mean: “Establish the prayer at the time of remembering My prayer”—that is, establish the prayer at the time when you remember it.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
There is a narration with these words:
Whoever forgets or sleeps (and misses a prayer), then whenever he remembers or wakes up, he should perform the missed prayer.
(Sahih Muslim, al-Masajid, Hadith: 1568(684))
In another narration it is stated: "He should perform it at its (appointed) time the next day."
(Sunan Abi Dawud, al-Salat, Hadith: 437)
From this addition, some scholars have deduced the issue that the missed prayer should be performed twice: once when it is remembered, and then again the next day at its (appointed) time.
However, the words of the hadith do not constitute an explicit text regarding this, because these words can also mean that on the following day, one should perform the current prayer at its (appointed) time, and not act negligently, lest he again fails to perform it on time the next day. And this is the preferred meaning.
As for the hadith of Abu Dawud (438), in which the repetition of the prayer is explicitly mentioned, it is considered shaadh (anomalous).
For details, see:
(Da‘if Sunan Abi Dawud by al-Albani, Hadith: 41)
(2)
Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has mentioned two readings (qira’at) regarding أَقِمِ الصَّلَاةَ لِذِكْرِي:
* According to the narration of Abu Nu‘aym and Musa ibn Isma‘il, the word "dhikr" is annexed (mudaf) to the first person pronoun (ya’ al-mutakallim).
* According to the narration of only Musa, this word is an ism maqsur (a noun ending with alif maqsurah), i.e., at the end there is alif maqsurah instead of the first person pronoun.
From some narrations it is understood that, while clarifying the issue, a narrator recited this noble verse.
But from a narration in Sahih Muslim it is understood that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself recited it, as the words of the hadith are:
"Whoever sleeps through or is heedless of a prayer, he should perform it when he remembers it."
Because Allah, the Exalted, has said:
"Establish the prayer for My remembrance."
(Sahih Muslim, al-Masajid, Hadith: 1569(684))
From this hadith it is understood that the recitation of the noble verse was done by the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam himself. Furthermore, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah, at the end, has mentioned a suspended (mu‘allaq) narration to clarify that Qatadah’s hearing from Anas radi Allahu anhu is established.
This suspended narration has been mentioned by the hadith scholar Abu ‘Awanah in his "Sahih" with a connected chain.
(Fath al-Bari: 2/95)

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: From the hadith of Anas radi Allahu anhu, it is understood that whenever a person wakes up from sleep, or in the case of forgetfulness, whenever he remembers the prayer, he should perform the prayer. However, without any reason and deliberately, it is not permissible to perform prayer during the disliked (makruh) times. The position of Imam Malik rahimahullah, Imam Shafi'i rahimahullah, and Imam Ahmad rahimahullah is that it is permissible to make up (qada) missed prayers during the disliked times. According to the Hanafi scholars, even making up missed prayers during these times is not permissible.

442. Commentary:
Just as with fasting and Hajj, there is no financial or physical expiation (kaffarah) for prayer (salah); no one else can perform the prayer on behalf of another person.

(1)
Forgetfulness and sleep are valid excuses due to which the sin of delaying the prayer does not occur, provided that negligence is not involved.

(2)
A prayer missed due to forgetfulness should be performed immediately upon remembering; one should not delay it further without a valid reason.

(3)
If one wakes up from sleep after the time for prayer has passed, he should perform the prayer at that very time, provided it is not a time of dislike (karahah).
In a hadith, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said:
“Do not deliberately perform your prayer at the time of sunrise or sunset.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Book of Prayer Times, Chapter: Prayer after Fajr until the sun rises, Hadith: 582)
Whoever remembers a prayer or wakes up during a disliked time should wait until the disliked time passes, then perform the prayer.