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سنن نسائي
Nasai
كتاب القسامة والقود والدياتThe Book of Oaths (qasamah), Retaliation and Blood Money
بَابُ : تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ { فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَىْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ }Chapter: Interpreting The Saying Of Allah, The Mighty And Sublime: "But If The Killer Is Forgiven By The Brother (Or The Relatives) Of The Killed Against Blood Money, Then Adhering To It With Fairness And Payment Of The Blood Money To The Heir Should Be Made In Fairness"
Hadith 4785
اُردوEn
قَالَ قَالَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مِسْكِينٍ : قِرَاءَةً عَلَيْهِ ، وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، قَالَ : " كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْقِصَاصُ ، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِيهِمُ الدِّيَةُ ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالأُنْثَى بِالأُنْثَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِ فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ سورة البقرة آية 178 , فَالْعَفْوُ : أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الدِّيَةَ فِي الْعَمْدِ ، وَاتِّبَاعٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ : يَقُولُ : يَتَّبِعُ هَذَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ، وَأَدَاءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ : وَيُؤَدِّي هَذَا بِإِحْسَانٍ , ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ سورة البقرة آية 178 مِمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْقِصَاصُ لَيْسَ الدِّيَةَ " .
´It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said:` "There was Qisas among the Children of Israel, but Diyah was unknown among them. Then Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, revealed: "Al-Qisas (the law of equality in punishment) is prescribed for your in case of murder: the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female." Up to His saying: "But if the killer is forgiven by the brother 9or the relatives) of the killed against blood money, then adhering to it with fairness and payment of the blood money to the heir should be made in fairness."[2] Forgiveness means accepting the Diyah in the case of deliberate killing. Adhering to it in fairness means asking him to pay the Diyah in a fair manner, and payment in fairness means giving the Diyah in a fair manner. This is and alleviation and a mercy from you Lord,[1] means: This is easier thanthat which was prescribed for those who came before you, which was Qisas and not Diyah."
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
(1) "Equal retaliation has been prescribed." That is, taking retribution (qisas) is permissible. It is legislated, but it is not obligatory or necessary; rather, in general circumstances, forgiveness is better.
(2) "A free person for a free person (the killer himself)"—In the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), some powerful tribes considered their slave equal to the free person of others, and their woman equal to the men of others. In exchange for one of their free men, they would kill ten free men of others. The Shari‘ah declared: Only the killer will be killed, whether he is free or a slave, a woman or a man, one or more. Some individuals have interpreted it as: "A free person will be killed for a free person, a slave for a slave," but this interpretation is incorrect. The killer will be killed in place of the murdered person, not just any free person or slave.
(3) "Some pardon"—That is, if retribution (qisas) is pardoned, whether all the heirs pardon or even if one heir pardons. In such a case, there will be no retribution; instead, blood money (diyah) will be due.
(4) "In a good manner"—When the heir has pardoned retribution (qisas), he should also show kindness in taking the blood money (diyah), such as accepting it in installments and not insisting on a lump sum payment, unless the killer can easily pay it all at once. Similarly, the killer should appreciate this kindness and make the payment diligently, and should not cause hardship to the heirs of the murdered person.
(2) "A free person for a free person (the killer himself)"—In the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), some powerful tribes considered their slave equal to the free person of others, and their woman equal to the men of others. In exchange for one of their free men, they would kill ten free men of others. The Shari‘ah declared: Only the killer will be killed, whether he is free or a slave, a woman or a man, one or more. Some individuals have interpreted it as: "A free person will be killed for a free person, a slave for a slave," but this interpretation is incorrect. The killer will be killed in place of the murdered person, not just any free person or slave.
(3) "Some pardon"—That is, if retribution (qisas) is pardoned, whether all the heirs pardon or even if one heir pardons. In such a case, there will be no retribution; instead, blood money (diyah) will be due.
(4) "In a good manner"—When the heir has pardoned retribution (qisas), he should also show kindness in taking the blood money (diyah), such as accepting it in installments and not insisting on a lump sum payment, unless the killer can easily pay it all at once. Similarly, the killer should appreciate this kindness and make the payment diligently, and should not cause hardship to the heirs of the murdered person.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 4785
