Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
سنن نسائي
Nasai
كتاب تحريم الدمThe Book Of Fighting (The Prohibition Of Bloodshed)
بَابُ : ذِكْرِ الْكَبَائِرِChapter: Mentioning the Major Sins
Hadith 4014
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاق بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ، قَالَ : أَنْبَأَنَا بَقِيَّةُ ، قَالَ : حَدَّثَنِي بَحِيرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَعْدَانَ ، أَنَّ أَبَا رُهْمٍ السَّمَعِيَّ حَدَّثَهُمْ ، أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيّ حَدَّثَهُ ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : " مَنْ جَاءَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ وَلَا يُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا ، وَيُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ ، وَيُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ ، وَيَجْتَنِبُ الْكَبَائِرَ ، كَانَ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ " ، فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنِ الْكَبَائِرِ ؟ فَقَالَ : " الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللَّهِ ، وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ ، وَالْفِرَارُ يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ " .
´Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari narrated that:` The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: "Whoever comes worshipping Allah and not associating anything with Him, establishing Salah, paying Zakah and avoiding major sins, Paradise will be his." They asked him about major sins and he said: "Associating others with Allah, killing a Muslim soul, and fleeing (from the battlefield) on the day of the march."
Brief Explanation
1؎: Kabirah: Every sin for which the perpetrator has been threatened with the punishment of Hell and a severe warning is called a kabirah (major) sin. Some of these have been mentioned in the hadiths, and those which have not been mentioned with the word "kabirah" but have been mentioned with the aforementioned punishment are also among the major sins. The major sins (kaba'ir) are of three types: (1) The first category is the gravest of the major sins (akbar al-kaba'ir), such as associating partners with Allah (shirk) and denying what the Noble Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) has brought. (2) The second category of major sins pertains to the rights of people (huquq al-‘ibad), for example, killing someone unjustly, usurping another's wealth, and defaming someone, etc. (3) The third category of major sins pertains to the rights of Allah (huquq Allah), such as fornication (zina) and drinking alcohol (khamr), etc. (As in hadith number 4017, the number of major sins is mentioned as seven, but in numerous hadiths, in addition to these seven, many other sins have also been called major sins. Therefore, enumeration and limitation are not intended there. See: Fath al-Bari, Book of Hudud, Chapter: Slander of Chaste Women.)
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
(1) In this hadith, the fundamental principles of the religion and their importance have been stated: that adhering to these matters and avoiding those things which are contrary to them is what can become the cause of entry into Paradise.
(2) “For him is Paradise,” because these good deeds will outweigh the remaining sins, and the judgment will be based on what predominates; otherwise, no person is free from error—except whom Allah wills.
(3) In this hadith, only three sins have been described as major (kabirah), whereas from other evidences in the Qur’an and Sunnah, many more sins are considered major. These three sins have been mentioned by way of example, not by way of restriction, because major sins are not limited to these alone. In response to the inquiry of the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) regarding major sins, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) mentioned only these three sins; on this occasion, he did not mention any other sin by name. It is possible that by this answer, his purpose at that time was to indicate that major sins are not confined to a particular type or a single characteristic; rather, in some matters, the violation of the rights of Allah is a major sin, while in other matters, the violation of the rights of Muslim individuals in the Muslim society is a major sin, and similarly, if a matter arises with disbelievers, a person can also commit a major sin in that context. Therefore, in every situation and at every opportunity, a Muslim person should lead an extremely cautious life.
(4) Due to abstaining from major sins (kabirah), the minor sins (saghirah) will be forgiven. And Allah knows best.
(2) “For him is Paradise,” because these good deeds will outweigh the remaining sins, and the judgment will be based on what predominates; otherwise, no person is free from error—except whom Allah wills.
(3) In this hadith, only three sins have been described as major (kabirah), whereas from other evidences in the Qur’an and Sunnah, many more sins are considered major. These three sins have been mentioned by way of example, not by way of restriction, because major sins are not limited to these alone. In response to the inquiry of the noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) regarding major sins, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) mentioned only these three sins; on this occasion, he did not mention any other sin by name. It is possible that by this answer, his purpose at that time was to indicate that major sins are not confined to a particular type or a single characteristic; rather, in some matters, the violation of the rights of Allah is a major sin, while in other matters, the violation of the rights of Muslim individuals in the Muslim society is a major sin, and similarly, if a matter arises with disbelievers, a person can also commit a major sin in that context. Therefore, in every situation and at every opportunity, a Muslim person should lead an extremely cautious life.
(4) Due to abstaining from major sins (kabirah), the minor sins (saghirah) will be forgiven. And Allah knows best.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 4014
