هَذَا كِتَابٌ كَتَبَهُ فُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَقَرَّ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ الْمُسَمِّينَ مَعَهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ بِجَمِيعِ مَا فِيهِ فِي صِحَّةٍ مِنْهُ وَجَوَازِ أَمْرٍ أَنَّهُ جَرَتْ بَيْنَنَا مُعَامَلاَتٌ وَمُتَاجَرَاتٌ وَأَشْرِيَةٌ وَبُيُوعٌ وَخُلْطَةٌ وَشَرِكَةٌ فِي أَمْوَالٍ وَفِي أَنْوَاعٍ مِنَ الْمُعَامَلاَتِ وَقُرُوضٌ وَمُصَارَفَاتٌ وَوَدَائِعُ وَأَمَانَاتٌ وَسَفَاتِجُ وَمُضَارَبَاتٌ وَعَوَارِي وَدُيُونٌ وَمُؤَاجَرَاتٌ وَمُزَارَعَاتٌ وَمُؤَاكَرَاتٌ وَإِنَّا تَنَاقَضْنَا عَلَى التَّرَاضِي مِنَّا جَمِيعًا بِمَا فَعَلْنَا جَمِيعَ مَا كَانَ بَيْنَنَا مِنْ كُلِّ شَرِكَةٍ وَمِنْ كُلِّ مُخَالَطَةٍ كَانَتْ جَرَتْ بَيْنَنَا فِي نَوْعٍ مِنَ الأَمْوَالِ وَالْمُعَامَلاَتِ وَفَسَخْنَا ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا جَرَى بَيْنَنَا فِي جَمِيعِ الأَنْوَاعِ وَالأَصْنَافِ وَبَيَّنَّا ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ نَوْعًا نَوْعًا وَعَلِمْنَا مَبْلَغَهُ وَمُنْتَهَاهُ وَعَرَفْنَاهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ وَصِدْقِهِ فَاسْتَوْفَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا جَمِيعَ حَقِّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَجْمَعَ وَصَارَ فِي يَدِهِ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا قِبَلَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ الْمُسَمِّينَ مَعَهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ وَلاَ قِبَلَ أَحَدٍ بِسَبَبِهِ وَلاَ بِاسْمِهِ حَقٌّ وَلاَ دَعْوَى وَلاَ طَلِبَةٌ لأَنَّ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا قَدِ اسْتَوْفَى جَمِيعَ حَقِّهِ وَجَمِيعَ مَا كَانَ لَهُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ وَصَارَ فِي يَدِهِ مُوَفَّرًا أَقَرَّ فُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ.
"This document (agreement) has been written by so-and-so, so-and-so, so-and-so, and so-and-so among themselves. Each one of them has acknowledged, for the sake of his other companions whose names are mentioned in this document, all its contents, in the state of validity and execution of the matters. Among us four, there was partnership and sharing in dealings, trades, buying and selling, all kinds of wealth, and all kinds of transactions. Similarly, among us, there were ongoing dealings of loans, exchange, trusts, drafts, mudarabah, lending, and borrowing, leasing, farming, and sharecropping. Now, all of us have, with mutual consent, terminated this. Whatever partnership and sharing in wealth and dealings that existed among us until now, we have all annulled, regardless of their type or nature. We have separately stated the limit and amount of each, and have ascertained what was true and correct, and each one has received or taken full possession of his due right. Now, none of us has any claim or demand against any companion whose names are in this document (agreement), or because of it, or in the name of another, against anyone else. Because each one has received his full right and taken it into his possession, this acknowledgment has been made by so-and-so, so-and-so, so-and-so, and so-and-so."
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {وَلاَ يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْخُذُوا مِمَّا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ شَيْئًا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَخَافَا أَلاَّ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلاَّ يُقِيمَا حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا فِيمَا افْتَدَتْ بِهِ} هَذَا كِتَابٌ كَتَبَتْهُ فُلاَنَةُ بِنْتُ فُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ فِي صِحَّةٍ مِنْهَا وَجَوَازِ أَمْرٍ لِفُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ إِنِّي كُنْتُ زَوْجَةً لَكَ وَكُنْتَ دَخَلْتَ بِي فَأَفْضَيْتَ إِلَىَّ ثُمَّ إِنِّي كَرِهْتُ صُحْبَتَكَ وَأَحْبَبْتُ مُفَارَقَتَكَ عَنْ غَيْرِ إِضْرَارٍ مِنْكَ بِي وَلاَ مَنْعِي لِحَقٍّ وَاجِبٍ لِي عَلَيْكَ وَإِنِّي سَأَلْتُكَ عِنْدَمَا خِفْنَا أَنْ لاَ نُقِيمَ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَخْلَعَنِي فَتُبِينَنِي مِنْكَ بِتَطْلِيقَةٍ بِجَمِيعِ مَالِي عَلَيْكَ مِنْ صَدَاقٍ وَهُوَ كَذَا وَكَذَا دِينَارًا جِيَادًا مَثَاقِيلَ وَبِكَذَا وَكَذَا دِينَارًا جِيَادًا مَثَاقِيلَ أَعْطَيْتُكَهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ سِوَى مَا فِي صَدَاقِي فَفَعَلْتَ الَّذِي سَأَلْتُكَ مِنْهُ فَطَلَّقْتَنِي تَطْلِيقَةً بَائِنَةً بِجَمِيعِ مَا كَانَ بَقِيَ لِي عَلَيْكَ مِنْ صَدَاقِي الْمُسَمَّى مَبْلَغُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ وَبِالدَّنَانِيرِ الْمُسَمَّاةِ فِيهِ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَقَبِلْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْكَ مُشَافَهَةً لَكَ عِنْدَ مُخَاطَبَتِكَ إِيَّاىَ بِهِ وَمُجَاوَبَةً عَلَى قَوْلِكَ مِنْ قَبْلِ تَصَادُرِنَا عَنْ مَنْطِقِنَا ذَلِكَ وَدَفَعْتُ إِلَيْكَ جَمِيعَ هَذِهِ الدَّنَانِيرِ الْمُسَمَّى مَبْلَغُهَا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي خَالَعْتَنِي عَلَيْهَا وَافِيَةً سِوَى مَا فِي صَدَاقِي فَصِرْتُ بَائِنَةً مِنْكَ مَالِكَةً لأَمْرِي بِهَذَا الْخُلْعِ الْمَوْصُوفِ أَمْرُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ فَلاَ سَبِيلَ لَكَ عَلَىَّ وَلاَ مُطَالَبَةَ وَلاَ رَجْعَةَ وَقَدْ قَبَضْتُ مِنْكَ جَمِيعَ مَا يَجِبُ لِمِثْلِي مَا دُمْتُ فِي عِدَّةٍ مِنْكَ وَجَمِيعَ مَا أَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ بِتَمَامِ مَا يَجِبُ لِلْمُطَلَّقَةِ الَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي مِثْلِ حَالِي عَلَى زَوْجِهَا الَّذِي يَكُونُ فِي مِثْلِ حَالِكَ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنَّا قِبَلَ صَاحِبِهِ حَقٌّ وَلاَ دَعْوَى وَلاَ طَلِبَةٌ فَكُلُّ مَا ادَّعَى وَاحِدٌ مِنَّا قِبَلَ صَاحِبِهِ مِنْ حَقٍّ وَمِنْ دَعْوَى وَمِنْ طَلِبَةٍ بِوَجْهٍ مِنَ الْوُجُوهِ فَهُوَ فِي جَمِيعِ دَعْوَاهُ مُبْطِلٌ وَصَاحِبُهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَجْمَعَ بَرِيءٌ وَقَدْ قَبِلَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا كُلَّ مَا أَقَرَّ لَهُ بِهِ صَاحِبُهُ وَكُلَّ مَا أَبْرَأَهُ مِنْهُ مِمَّا وُصِفَ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ مُشَافَهَةً عِنْدَ مُخَاطَبَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ قَبْلَ تَصَادُرِنَا عَنْ مَنْطِقِنَا وَافْتِرَاقِنَا عَنْ مَجْلِسِنَا الَّذِي جَرَى بَيْنَنَا فِيهِ أَقَرَّتْ فُلاَنَةُ وَفُلاَنٌ.
Allah Almighty has said: «ولا يحل لكم أن تأخذوا مما آتيتموهن شيئا إلا أن يخافا ألا يقيما حدود اللہ فإن خفتم ألا يقيما حدود اللہ فلا جناح عليهما فيما افتدت به» "It is not lawful for you to take back anything from what you have given to women, except when both fear that they will not be able to keep within the limits set by Allah. Then if you fear that they will not be able to keep within the limits set by Allah, there is no blame upon the woman if she gives something to release herself." (Al-Baqarah: 229)
This is the document (agreement) which the daughter of so-and-so, so-and-so, has written in a state of sound health and with full authority, for the son of so-and-so, so-and-so. I was your wife, you were with me, had relations with me, and consummated the marriage. Then your companionship became unpleasant to me and I preferred to separate from you. You did not harm me in any way nor did you withhold any of my due rights. I requested you, when I feared that we would not be able to properly uphold the limits set by Allah, to grant me khul‘ and give me an irrevocable divorce in exchange for the full dower that you owed me, which is such-and-such pure dinars of such-and-such weight, and in addition to the dower, such-and-such pure dinars of such-and-such weight. Then you fulfilled my request and gave me an irrevocable divorce in exchange for the full dower that was due to me and whose amount is written in this document, and in addition to those dinars whose number is recorded herein. Then I accepted this from you in your presence while you were addressing me and I was responding to you, before we finished this conversation, and I gave you all those dinars whose number is recorded in this document and for which you granted the khul‘, apart from the dower. Now I am separated from you and have become the owner of my own will, due to the khul‘ mentioned above. Now you have no authority over me, nor any right of claim or return. And I have taken from you all my rights that a woman like me has over a husband like you as long as I was in your wedlock, and I have received all the rights that a divorced woman like me is entitled to and which a husband like you is obliged to give. Now, if either of us presents any right, claim, or demand of any kind against the other, all such claims are false and the one against whom the claim is made is completely free of it. Each of us has accepted the other's acknowledgment and discharge (release) as mentioned in this document at the time of mutual questioning before we finished this conversation or left the gathering where this agreement is being written between us as husband and wife.
قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {وَالَّذِينَ يَبْتَغُونَ الْكِتَابَ مِمَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَكَاتِبُوهُمْ إِنْ عَلِمْتُمْ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا} هَذَا كِتَابٌ كَتَبَهُ فُلاَنُ بْنُ فُلاَنٍ فِي صِحَّةٍ مِنْهُ وَجَوَازِ أَمْرٍ لِفَتَاهُ النُّوبِيِّ الَّذِي يُسَمَّى فُلاَنًا وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فِي مِلْكِهِ وَيَدِهِ إِنِّي كَاتَبْتُكَ عَلَى ثَلاَثَةِ آلاَفِ دِرْهَمٍ وُضْحٍ جِيَادٍ وَزْنِ سَبْعَةٍ مُنَجَّمَةٍ عَلَيْكَ سِتُّ سِنِينَ مُتَوَالِيَاتٍ أَوَّلُهَا مُسْتَهَلَّ شَهْرِ كَذَا مِنْ سَنَةِ كَذَا عَلَى أَنْ تَدْفَعَ إِلَىَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ الْمُسَمَّى مَبْلَغُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ فِي نُجُومِهَا فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ بِهَا لَكَ مَا لِلأَحْرَارِ وَعَلَيْكَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِنْ أَخْلَلْتَ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ عَنْ مَحِلِّهِ بَطَلَتِ الْكِتَابَةُ وَكُنْتَ رَقِيقًا لاَ كِتَابَةَ لَكَ وَقَدْ قَبِلْتُ مُكَاتَبَتَكَ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى الشُّرُوطِ الْمَوْصُوفَةِ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ قَبْلَ تَصَادُرِنَا عَنْ مَنْطِقِنَا وَافْتِرَاقِنَا عَنْ مَجْلِسِنَا الَّذِي جَرَى بَيْنَنَا ذَلِكَ فِيهِ أَقَرَّ فُلاَنٌ وَفُلاَنٌ.
Allah, the Exalted, has said: «والذين يبتغون الكتاب مما ملكت أيمانكم فكاتبوهم إن علمتم فيهم خيرا» "And those of your slaves who seek a written contract (for freedom), give them such a contract if you find any good in them." (An-Nur: 33) 1. This is the document (agreement) which so-and-so, son of so-and-so, has written in a state of health and with full authority for his slave who is from Nobah (the name of a country), whose name is so-and-so, and who until today is in his ownership and under his authority: I have made a contract of manumission with you for three thousand good and genuine dirhams, each weighing seven mithqals, to be paid in installments over six consecutive years. The first installment will be paid upon sighting the moon in such-and-such month of such-and-such year. If you pay the specified amount in equal installments as stated in this document, you will be free, and you will receive all the rights that free people have, and all the obligations that are upon them will be upon you. If you violate this document in the slightest, this contract will be null and void, and you will return to a life of slavery. No new contract of manumission will be written regarding this matter. I have accepted your contract according to the conditions mentioned in this document before we finish our conversation or leave the gathering in which this document was written. The agreement was made by so-and-so and so-and-so.
هَذَا كِتَابٌ كَتَبَهُ فُلاَنُ بْنُ فُلاَنٍ لِفَتَاهُ الصَّقَلِّيِّ الْخَبَّازِ الطَّبَّاخِ الَّذِي يُسَمَّى فُلاَنًا وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فِي مِلْكِهِ وَيَدِهِ إِنِّي دَبَّرْتُكَ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَرَجَاءِ ثَوَابِهِ فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ بَعْدَ مَوْتِي لاَ سَبِيلَ لأَحَدٍ عَلَيْكَ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِي إِلاَّ سَبِيلَ الْوَلاَءِ فَإِنَّهُ لِي وَلِعَقِبِي مِنْ بَعْدِي أَقَرَّ فُلاَنُ بْنُ فُلاَنٍ بِجَمِيعِ مَا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ طَوْعًا فِي صِحَّةٍ مِنْهُ وَجَوَازِ أَمْرٍ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قُرِئَ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِمَحْضَرٍ مِنَ الشُّهُودِ الْمُسَمِّينَ فِيهِ فَأَقَرَّ عِنْدَهُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ سَمِعَهُ وَفَهِمَهُ وَعَرَفَهُ وَأَشْهَدَ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا ثُمَّ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ مِنَ الشُّهُودِ عَلَيْهِ أَقَرَّ فُلاَنٌ الصَّقَلِّيُّ الطَّبَّاخُ فِي صِحَّةٍ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ وَبَدَنِهِ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ حَقٌّ عَلَى مَا سُمِّيَ وَوُصِفَ فِيهِ.
‘This is the document (agreement)’ which so-and-so son of so-and-so son of so-and-so has written for his slave who is a (metal polisher), baker, and cook, whose name is so-and-so, and who until today has been in my ownership and possession, that I have made you a mudabbar (i.e., to be freed after my death) for the sake of Allah’s pleasure and in hope of His reward. So you are free after my death; after my death, no one has any authority over you except for the wala’ (right of inheritance), for that is for me and after my death for my heirs. So-and-so son of so-and-so has acknowledged that whatever is written in this document has been written willingly, in a state of soundness and with the authority to act. When this document was read before the witnesses mentioned in this covenant, he acknowledged it, saying: I have heard, understood, and known it, and I make Allah a witness over it, and Allah is sufficient as a witness. Then those people who are present are witnesses. So-and-so «صیقل گر» the cook, in a state of sound mind and physical health, acknowledged that whatever is mentioned in it is all correct and true.
هَذَا كِتَابٌ كَتَبَهُ فُلاَنُ بْنُ فُلاَنٍ طَوْعًا فِي صِحَّةٍ مِنْهُ وَجَوَازِ أَمْرٍ وَذَلِكَ فِي شَهْرِ كَذَا مِنْ سَنَةِ كَذَا لِفَتَاهُ الرُّومِيِّ الَّذِي يُسَمَّى فُلاَنًا وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فِي مِلْكِهِ وَيَدِهِ إِنِّي أَعْتَقْتُكَ تَقَرُّبًا إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَابْتِغَاءً لِجَزِيلِ ثَوَابِهِ عِتْقًا بَتًّا لاَ مَثْنَوِيَّةَ فِيهِ وَلاَ رَجْعَةَ لِي عَلَيْكَ فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ وَالدَّارِ الآخِرَةِ لاَ سَبِيلَ لِي وَلاَ لأَحَدٍ عَلَيْكَ إِلاَّ الْوَلاَءَ فَإِنَّهُ لِي وَلِعَصَبَتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي.
‘This is the document’ which so-and-so son of so-and-so has written of his own free will, in a state of soundness and full control, in such-and-such year and such-and-such month, for his Roman slave whose name is so-and-so and who, until today, has been in his ownership and possession, that I have freed you for the sake of attaining nearness to Allah and seeking His great reward, a complete and unconditional freedom, with no right of retraction remaining for me. Now, for the sake of Allah and the reward of the Hereafter, you are free. Now neither I nor anyone else has any authority over you except the right of wala’ (inheritance), for that belongs to me and, after me, to my agnates.
´It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that:` The Prophet [SAW] said: "I have been commanded to fight the idolators until they bear witness to La ilaha illallah (there is none worthy of worship except Allah) and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. If they bear witness to La ilaha illallah and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger, and they pray as we pray and face our Qiblah, and eat our slaughtered animals, then their blood and wealth becomes forbidden to us except for a right that is due."
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
(1) Narrations of this meaning have already been mentioned in the Book of Zakat and the Book of Jihad, and their details have also been explained.
(2) “I have been commanded” means that permission has been granted to fight the disbelievers, but if they become Muslim, then it is not permissible to fight them, provided that they also act upon the important injunctions of Islam and live like Muslims.
(3) “If any right of Islam is due” means that if they have caused harm to anyone’s life or property, then they will be held accountable for that.
(4) People’s affairs will be judged according to what is apparent. If they manifest religious deeds, then the rulings of Muslims will be applied to them, even if inwardly they hold other beliefs. These rulings will continue to apply as long as they do not outwardly display any act against Islam.
(5) Whoever enters Islam will have the same rights as Muslims and will be subject to the same responsibilities as other Muslims.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3971
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
That is, if they commit such an act as a result of which their life and wealth become permissible (mubah), then at that time their life and wealth will no longer remain inviolable (haram).
2:
That is, whatever rights, authorities, and privileges are granted to the general Muslims, they too will be granted those.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 2608
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
The meaning of the right of Islam is that if a Muslim unjustly kills another, then he will be killed in retribution (qisas).
If he commits adultery while being married, then he will be stoned (rajm).
And if he seizes someone’s wealth, then he will return the wealth in compensation, and so on.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2641
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
For details, see the ahadith: 3971, 3972, 5000.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 5006
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
English translation:
It is obligatory to fight against those who withhold zakat, provided that they persist in non-payment and are prepared to fight for this cause. If they do not engage in fighting, then zakat will still be forcibly collected from them. For further details, see Hadith: 2445.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3974
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
(1) Fighting against the disbelievers is not obligatory in every circumstance; rather, it is dependent upon the demands of the situation. If the disbelievers live as obedient subjects under the Muslims and pay the imposed tax (jizyah), then instead of fighting them, they should be kept as dhimmis. If a non-Islamic government is established, it is also permissible to live with them on the basis of equality and peace.
(2) The hadith clarifies the importance of the qiblah. Whoever deliberately does not face the qiblah during prayer, his prayer will not be valid. (See, Hadith: 3092. For the complete details of this issue, refer to the Book of Jihad.)
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3972
Hafiz Muhammad Ameen
(1) Imam al-Nasa’i here wishes to clarify that in the aforementioned narration, ‘Imran Abu’l-‘Awwam al-Qattan is not strong in the science of hadith. He attributes this narration to the Musnad of Anas, whereas other narrators attribute this hadith to the Musnad of Abu Hurayrah radi Allahu anhu, as is clear from the previous ahadith: 3093 and 3094, and this is also correct. However, this difference does not affect the authenticity of the hadith; the hadith is absolutely authentic through other chains of transmission. And Allah knows best.
(2) “They became apostates (murtadd)” — There are several types of apostates, but here the disagreement concerns those who refused to pay zakah, whose position was that zakah was specific only to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, and no one else could collect it. However, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam used to collect zakah as an amir (leader) or hakim (ruler); otherwise, it would not have been permissible for him. Therefore, now whoever becomes the deputy of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam will also collect it as a ruler; otherwise, chaos will spread, and the obligation of zakah will be abandoned. The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam has made both prayer and zakah conditions for being a Muslim. Furthermore, the one who does not give zakah is a rebel against the government, and fighting against a rebel is, by consensus, permissible. ‘Umar radi Allahu anhu was of the opinion that since they recite the kalimah, fighting them is not permissible. However, through the arguments of Abu Bakr radi Allahu anhu, he understood that reciting the kalimah alone is not sufficient for being a Muslim; some other matters are also necessary, as is clarified in the aforementioned Prophetic hadith.
Source: Sunan Nasa'i: Translation and Benefits by Shaykh Hafiz Muhammad Amin Hafizullah, Page: 3096